Dozois ch. 3 & 4 - Classification and Diagnosis & Psychological Assessment and Research Methods

Question 1

Characterized by the occurrence of depressive mood episodes in which a person is extremely sad and discouraged, and displays a marked loss of pleasure in usual activities.

Answer 1

Major depressive disorder

Example of Mood disorder in DSM

Question 2

mood episode in which a person is extremely elated, more active, and in less need of sleep, and displays flights of somewhat disconnected ideas, grandiosity (an illusion of personal importance and impairment in functioning.

Answer 2

Mania

Example of Mood disorder/episode in DSM

Question 3

mania and often depression

Answer 3

bipolar disorders

Example of Mood disorder/episode in DSM

Question 4

Persistent Depressive Disorder (dysthymia)

Answer 4

a more chronic low-grade depression

Question 5

cyclothymia

Answer 5

the person fluctuates between more mild bouts of mania and less severe depressive symptoms.
bipolar and cyclothymia are categorized in a separate chapter in DSM-5 than are depressive disorders)

Question 6

Argument against/controversy of classification (eg. DSM)

Answer 6

• Medical model is inadequate
• stigma
• loss of freedom and information

Question 7

a procedure through which information is gathered systematically int he evaluation of a condition. this procedure yields information that serves as a basis for a diagnosis

Answer 7

Assessment

Question 8

What are characteristics of a strong Diagnostic system?

Criterion for

Answer 8

reliability, validity, predictive validity,

Question 9

Give the same measurement for a given thing every time

Answer 9

reliability

Question 10

refers to the extent to which two clinicians agree on the diagnosis of a particular patient

Answer 10

Inter-rater reliability

Question 11

is determined by whether a diagnostic category is able to predict behavioral and psychiatric disorders accurately.

Answer 11

validity

Question 12

the ability of a test to predict the future course of an individual’s development. (understanding progression)

Answer 12

predictive validity

Question 13

refers to the ability of a diagnostic category to estimate and individual’s present standing on factors related to the disorder but not themselves part of the diagnostic criteria.

Answer 13

concurrent validity

Question 14

International classification system

Answer 14

International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10)

Question 15

European classification system

Answer 15

World Health Organization (WHO)

Question 16

Included in this broad-ranging category are the intellectual, emotional, and physical disorders that typically begin before maturity

Answer 16

Neurodevelopment disorders

Question 17

Insomnia (not getting enough sleep), hyper somnolence (excessive sleepiness), narcolepsy (suddenly lapsing into sleep)…

Answer 17

sleep- wake disorders

Question 18

This category involves disorders characterized by failure or extreme difficulty in controlling impulses, despite the negative consequences.

Answer 18

Disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders

Question 19

Arguments against classification

Answer 19

medical model, stigmatization, loss of freedom and information

Question 20

refers to the degree to which a test yields the same results when it is given more than once to the same person

Answer 20

Test-retest reliability

Question 21

refers to the degree of reliability within a test

Answer 21

Internal consistency

Question 22

A method for evaluating internal consistency, by averaging the intercorrelations of all items on a given test

Answer 22

coefficient alpha

Question 23

means that the user of a test believes that the items on that test resemble the characteristics associated with the concept being tested

Answer 23

Face validity

Question 24

refers to the importance of a test within a specific theoretical framework and can only be understood in that framework

Answer 24

construct validity

Question 25

arises because some qualities are easier to recognize than to define completely

Answer 25

criterion validity

Question 26

No substitute for the clinician’s experience and personal judgment

Answer 26

clinical approach

Question 27

Benefits of classification (Diagnostic system used for) :

Answer 27

describing mental disorders, distinguishing between mental disorders, providing a consistent vocabulary, facilitates research in psychopathology, provides a means of consistent assessment, diagnosis and treatment for clients, surveys population and health and provides guidelines for financial support.

Question 28

Assessment tools

Answer 28

• Interview (structured, semi-structured, unstructured
• Clinical observation of verbal and nonverbal communication, biological(CAT/PET scans) or medical tests (blood tests).
• paper and pencil tests
• client self-monitoring and self-report

Question 29

an artificial setting in an office or laboratory constructed to elicit specific classes of behavior in individuals

Answer 29

analogue observational setting

Question 30

Argument against DSM

Answer 30

- Categorical vs. Dimensional 
approach
- Questionable validity & 
reliability
Gender bias
Cultural bias 
Political/social controversy