Dozois ch. 3 & 4 - Classification and Diagnosis & Psychological Assessment and Research Methods Flashcards
Characterized by the occurrence of depressive mood episodes in which a person is extremely sad and discouraged, and displays a marked loss of pleasure in usual activities.
Major depressive disorder
Example of Mood disorder in DSM
mood episode in which a person is extremely elated, more active, and in less need of sleep, and displays flights of somewhat disconnected ideas, grandiosity (an illusion of personal importance and impairment in functioning.
Mania
Example of Mood disorder/episode in DSM
mania and often depression
bipolar disorders
Example of Mood disorder/episode in DSM
Persistent Depressive Disorder (dysthymia)
a more chronic low-grade depression
cyclothymia
the person fluctuates between more mild bouts of mania and less severe depressive symptoms.
bipolar and cyclothymia are categorized in a separate chapter in DSM-5 than are depressive disorders)
Argument against/controversy of classification (eg. DSM)
- Medical model is inadequate
- stigma
- loss of freedom and information
a procedure through which information is gathered systematically int he evaluation of a condition. this procedure yields information that serves as a basis for a diagnosis
Assessment
What are characteristics of a strong Diagnostic system?
Criterion for
reliability, validity, predictive validity,
Give the same measurement for a given thing every time
reliability
refers to the extent to which two clinicians agree on the diagnosis of a particular patient
Inter-rater reliability
is determined by whether a diagnostic category is able to predict behavioral and psychiatric disorders accurately.
validity
the ability of a test to predict the future course of an individual’s development. (understanding progression)
predictive validity
refers to the ability of a diagnostic category to estimate and individual’s present standing on factors related to the disorder but not themselves part of the diagnostic criteria.
concurrent validity
International classification system
International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10)
European classification system
World Health Organization (WHO)
Included in this broad-ranging category are the intellectual, emotional, and physical disorders that typically begin before maturity
Neurodevelopment disorders
Insomnia (not getting enough sleep), hyper somnolence (excessive sleepiness), narcolepsy (suddenly lapsing into sleep)…
sleep- wake disorders
This category involves disorders characterized by failure or extreme difficulty in controlling impulses, despite the negative consequences.
Disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders
Arguments against classification
medical model, stigmatization, loss of freedom and information
refers to the degree to which a test yields the same results when it is given more than once to the same person
Test-retest reliability
refers to the degree of reliability within a test
Internal consistency
A method for evaluating internal consistency, by averaging the intercorrelations of all items on a given test
coefficient alpha
means that the user of a test believes that the items on that test resemble the characteristics associated with the concept being tested
Face validity
refers to the importance of a test within a specific theoretical framework and can only be understood in that framework
construct validity
