Dozois 11- Substance- Related and Addictive Disorders Flashcards
taking the substance in greater amounts or for longer than intended
Impairment of control
refer to a failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, home , of school; continued use despite clear negative. consequences on relationships; and the reduction of other involvements to give priority to using substance.
social impairments
used in situations in which it might be hazardous, such as driving a vehicle or operating machinery
risky use
means that the person needs increased amounts of the substance to achieve the same effect
Tolerance
individuals experience unpleasant and sometimes dangerous symptoms, such as nausea, headache, or tremors when the addictive substance is removed from the body
withdrawal
Disorders that are caused by heavy use of specific substances. and they generally resolve when the person stops using the substance
substance induced disorders
simultaneous misuse or dependence upon two or more substances
polysubstance abuse
is the effective chemical compound in alcoholic beverages
Ethyl alcohol
at lower does, alcohol is stimulating, resulting in pleasant feelings. At higher doses alcohol acts as a depressant, and many may experience dysphoria.
biphasic effect
Consumption of alcohol permanently kills brain cells- individuals who abuse alcohol demonstrate tissue reduction , particularly in the hypothalamus and thalamus. a chronic disease characterized by an inability to form new memories and a loss of contact with reality.
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
The relationship between maternal drinking and birth defects was first called…
fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
How much does alcohol use cost Canadians in increased health care
14.6 billion
Potential markers for alcohol use disorder
Neurotransmitters such as GABA (gammaaminobutyic acid), beta-endorphin, and serotonin are other potential markers for alcohol use disorders.
Trait #1- people with alcohol-use problems tend to have greater difficulty inhibiting behavioral impulses
behavioural disinhibition
Trait #2- Tendency to experience psychological distress, anxiety, and depression
negative emotionality (neuroticism)
Hypothesis suggests that drinking is reinforced by its ability to reduce tension, anxiety, anger, depression, and other unpleasant emotions
* inconsistent
Tension- reduction theory
theory that proposes that drinking behavior is largely determined by the reinforcement that an individual expects to receive from it. (e.g., social and physical pleasure, and sexual performance, and experience, increased power and aggression, reduces stress)
alcohol expectancy theory
(Alcohol treatments) Targets the neurotransmitters that medicate alcohol’s effects on the brain and “blocks” the pleasurable effects of alcohol and helps reduce sensation of craving.
Naltrexone, an opioid antagonist drug
(Alcohol Treatments) - Drug that reduces cravings for alcohol and reducing stress in early abstinence
Acamprosate. an agonist drug
is seen as a failure of a person’s cognitive and behavior al coping skills to cope with life’s problems.
Relapse
One to three sessions in length, offering time-limited and specific advice regarding the need to reduce or eliminate alcohol consumption.
Brief interview ( intervention for alcohol)
An approach that can be used with clients who present with varying readiness to change their behaviour. In a non-confrontational, accepting manner, the therapist helps the client to identify and freely discuss both pros and cons of his alcohol use.
Motivational interviewing
Characterized by insomnia, headaches, aching all over the body, and anxiety, and depression which can last for months
Abstinence syndrome
have effects on the body similar to those of the naturally occurring hormone adrenalin (e.g. “speed” ice” or crystal”
Amphetamines
