Dozois 11- Substance- Related and Addictive Disorders

Question 1

taking the substance in greater amounts or for longer than intended

Answer 1

Impairment of control

Question 2

refer to a failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, home , of school; continued use despite clear negative. consequences on relationships; and the reduction of other involvements to give priority to using substance.

Answer 2

social impairments

Question 3

used in situations in which it might be hazardous, such as driving a vehicle or operating machinery

Answer 3

risky use

Question 4

means that the person needs increased amounts of the substance to achieve the same effect

Answer 4

Tolerance

Question 5

individuals experience unpleasant and sometimes dangerous symptoms, such as nausea, headache, or tremors when the addictive substance is removed from the body

Answer 5

withdrawal

Question 6

Disorders that are caused by heavy use of specific substances. and they generally resolve when the person stops using the substance

Answer 6

substance induced disorders

Question 7

simultaneous misuse or dependence upon two or more substances

Answer 7

polysubstance abuse

Question 8

is the effective chemical compound in alcoholic beverages

Answer 8

Ethyl alcohol

Question 9

at lower does, alcohol is stimulating, resulting in pleasant feelings. At higher doses alcohol acts as a depressant, and many may experience dysphoria.

Answer 9

biphasic effect

Question 10

Consumption of alcohol permanently kills brain cells- individuals who abuse alcohol demonstrate tissue reduction , particularly in the hypothalamus and thalamus. a chronic disease characterized by an inability to form new memories and a loss of contact with reality.

Answer 10

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Question 11

The relationship between maternal drinking and birth defects was first called…

Answer 11

fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

Question 12

How much does alcohol use cost Canadians in increased health care

Answer 12

14.6 billion

Question 13

Potential markers for alcohol use disorder

Answer 13

Neurotransmitters such as GABA (gammaaminobutyic acid), beta-endorphin, and serotonin are other potential markers for alcohol use disorders.

Question 14

Trait #1- people with alcohol-use problems tend to have greater difficulty inhibiting behavioral impulses

Answer 14

behavioural disinhibition

Question 15

Trait #2- Tendency to experience psychological distress, anxiety, and depression

Answer 15

negative emotionality (neuroticism)

Question 16

Hypothesis suggests that drinking is reinforced by its ability to reduce tension, anxiety, anger, depression, and other unpleasant emotions
* inconsistent

Answer 16

Tension- reduction theory

Question 17

theory that proposes that drinking behavior is largely determined by the reinforcement that an individual expects to receive from it. (e.g., social and physical pleasure, and sexual performance, and experience, increased power and aggression, reduces stress)

Answer 17

alcohol expectancy theory

Question 18

(Alcohol treatments) Targets the neurotransmitters that medicate alcohol’s effects on the brain and “blocks” the pleasurable effects of alcohol and helps reduce sensation of craving.

Answer 18

Naltrexone, an opioid antagonist drug

Question 19

(Alcohol Treatments) - Drug that reduces cravings for alcohol and reducing stress in early abstinence

Answer 19

Acamprosate. an agonist drug

Question 20

is seen as a failure of a person’s cognitive and behavior al coping skills to cope with life’s problems.

Answer 20

Relapse

Question 21

One to three sessions in length, offering time-limited and specific advice regarding the need to reduce or eliminate alcohol consumption.

Answer 21

Brief interview ( intervention for alcohol)

Question 22

An approach that can be used with clients who present with varying readiness to change their behaviour. In a non-confrontational, accepting manner, the therapist helps the client to identify and freely discuss both pros and cons of his alcohol use.

Answer 22

Motivational interviewing

Question 23

Characterized by insomnia, headaches, aching all over the body, and anxiety, and depression which can last for months

Answer 23

Abstinence syndrome

Question 24

have effects on the body similar to those of the naturally occurring hormone adrenalin (e.g. “speed” ice” or crystal”

Answer 24

Amphetamines

Question 25

comes from the Erythroxylon coca bush, indigenous to various areas in South America.

Answer 25

Cocaine

Question 26

A class of CNS depressants-drugs whose main effects are the alkaloid from which opioids are derived, comes from the seeds of the opium poppy, which is indigenous to Asia and the Middle East. (eg. morphine, codeine).
* mimic the effects of endogenous opiates, or the body's natural painkillers.

Answer 26

Opioids (narcotics)

Question 27

Narcotics that effect receptor sites located throughout the body, including the brain, spinal cord, and bloodstream.

Answer 27

exogenous opiates

Question 28

Perhaps the most addicting of all opiates, in part due to the sensations associated with using the drug.
*Acts as an appetite suppressant

Answer 28

Heroin

Question 29

Drugs that help alleviate initial symptoms of withdrawal from heroine/ opioids

Answer 29

Methadone, buprenorphine/naloxone

Question 30

come from the hemp plant Cannabis sativa, indigenous to Asia but now grown in many parts of the world

Answer 30

Cannabis- marijuana and hashish

Question 31

cause psychoactive effects of cannabis by the chemical….

Answer 31

delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

Question 32

A continuing pattern of apathy, profound self absorption, detachment from friends and family and abandonment of career and education goals

Answer 32

amotivational syndrome (canabis)

Question 33

Are drugs that change a person’s mental state by inducing perceptual and sensory distortions or hallucinations. (e.g. Acid, LSD, psilocybin (magic mushrooms).

Answer 33

hallucinogens