Dozois 5- Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive and Trauma-Related Disorders

Question 1

Is an affective state whereby an individual feels threatened by the potential occurrence of a future negative event
in general is future oriented

Answer 1

Anxiety

Question 2

more primitive emotion and occurs in response to a real or perceived current threat.

Answer 2

Fear

Question 3

behavioural response that elicits so named because it prompts a person or organism to either flee from a dangerous situation or stand and fight.

Answer 3

“fight or flight” response

Question 4

very similar to fear, (extreme fear reaction that is triggered even though there is nothing to be afraid of - false alarm)

Answer 4

Panic

Question 5

conditions that were not psychotic but have an emotional problem were labelled “neurotic” This term implied that the cause was presumed to be due to a disturbance in the central nervous system.

Answer 5

Neurosis

Question 6

In the DSM-5 , anxiety- related disorders are categorized into three distinct chapter:

Answer 6

Anxiety disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, and trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders

Question 7

What are psychological Factors pertaining to the etiology of Anxiety disorders?

Answer 7

Behavioural, cognitive, interpersonal factors

Question 8

most common of all the mental disorders

Answer 8

Anxiety Disorders

Question 9

A sudden rush of intense fear or discomfort during which an individual experiences a number of physiological and psychological symptoms.

Answer 9

Panic attacks

Question 10

Is anxiety about being in places or situations where an individual might find it difficult to escape or in which he or she would not have help readily available should a panic attack occur.

Answer 10

Agoraphobia “fear of the marketplace”

Question 11

Includes a clinical interview, behavioral measurement, psychophysiological tests, and self-report

Answer 11

Idea assessment strategy

Question 12

Behavioral assessment is also frequently used to assess avoidance severity

Answer 12

behavior avoidance test (BAT)

Question 13

cognitive theories focus on the idea that individuals with panic disorder experience …

Answer 13

‘catastrophic misinterpretations’ of their bodily sensations (e.g., “i am going to have a heart attack”

Question 14

Belief that the somatic symptoms related to anxiety will have negative consequences that extend beyond the panic episode itself

Answer 14

Anxiety sensitivity

Question 15

specific fear, such as a fear of spiders, snakes, or lightning…have to be significant enough to interfere with our day-to-day activities

Answer 15

specific phobias

Question 16

Criticism of the classical conditioning theory of fear (Watson and Rayner), is that it assumes that all neutral stimuli have an equal potential for becoming phobias known as

Answer 16

equipotentiality premise

Question 17

Proposes that the process of evolution has endowed humans to respond fearfully to a select group of stimuli

Answer 17

nonassociative model

Question 18

More likely to fear certain types of stimuli because of…
similar to nonassociative model, it is believed that represented threats to our species over the course of our evolutionary heritage.
However- unlike the nonassociative model, associative learning is still necessary to develop a phobia

Answer 18

biological preparedness

Question 19

refers to the degree to which people are susceptible to being disgusted by a variety of stimuli such as certain bugs, types of food, and small animals.

Answer 19

Disgust sensitivity

Question 20

fear of interacting with others in most social settings

Answer 20

social anxiety disorder

Question 21

fear of specific social situations or activities (e.g., public speaking).

Answer 21

performance only social phobia

Question 22

One of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders

Answer 22

social anxiety

Question 23

refers to an individual’s discomfort with ambiguity and uncertainty.
Everyone has a different threshold for accepting and dealing with life’s uncertainties
People with GAD tend to have lower thresholds for these uncertainties, leading to anxiety and distress

Answer 23

Intolerance of uncertainty (IU)

Question 24

Obsessive-compulsive and Related Disorders includes…

Answer 24

OCD (obsessive-compulsive disorder), body dysmorphic disorder( BDD), hoarding disorder, trichotillomania (hair-pulling disorder) and excoriation (skin-picking),

Question 25

defined as recurrent and uncontrollable thoughts, impulses, or ideas that the individual finds disturbing and anxiety-provoking (e.g., if one has locked the door, turned off the stove)

Answer 25

Obsession

Question 26

behaviors or mental acts that are used by individuals to try to prevent cancel, or “undo” the feared consequences and distress caused by an obsession

Answer 26

Neutralizations

Question 27

refers to two types of irrational thinking:

1) the belief that having a particular thought increases the probability that the thought will come true
2) the belief that having a particular thought is the moral equivalent of a particular action

Answer 27

Thought-action fusion (TAF)

Question 28

Excessive preoccupation with an imagined or exaggerated body disfigurement, sometimes to the point of a delusion. (e.g. may become preoccupied with the size of their nose).

Answer 28

Body dysmorphic disorder

Question 29

Avoid thinking or talking about their traumatic event, as well as avoid places, people , or activities that may remind them of the trauma

Answer 29

cognitive avoidance and behavioral avoidance

Question 30

Mood alterations may occur with PTSD which include a markedly diminished interest or participation in pre-trauma daily-living activities, feeling detached or estranged from others and being unable to experience certain feelings (especially positive affect

Answer 30

Emotional numbing

Question 31

a list of feared situations or objects that ate arranged in descending order according to how much they evoke anxiety.

Answer 31

Fear hierarchy

Question 32

SUDS

Answer 32

Subject units of distress

Question 33

more effective than imaginal exposure and that the inclusion of relaxation provides not better response than exposure alone.

Answer 33

in vivo (meaning real life) exposure

Question 34

This involves starting at a very high level of intensity rather than working gradually through the fear hierarchy

Answer 34

flooding or intense exposure

Question 35

involves the induction of physical sensation by means of hyperventilating, spinning in a chair, exercising …

Answer 35

interoceptive exposure

Question 36

involves promoting abstinence from rituals that, while reducing anxiety in the short term , only serve to reinforce the obsessions in the long run.

Answer 36

exposure and ritual prevention (ERP)

for OCD