Domain 2 - Relevant Medical Info Flashcards
Orbit
houses the eyeball
7 bones
contains eyeball, muscles, blood supply, nerves and fat
Conjunctiva
membrane between the eye and the eyelid
anterior part of the sclera
contains fold that allow the eye to move
keeps cornea moist and clean
Sclera
white part of the eye
forms protective coat around the back of the eye and cornea
Cornea
window of the eye, clear
focuses light on the retina
no blood vessels
strongest refracting medium of the eye
Iris
colored part of the eye
behind cornea, in front of lens
ciliary muscle
aqueous humor
located above and below the lens
controls lens accommodation and pressure
chorid
-blood supply and circulation
-vascular layer of the eye
-nourishes outer layer of retina
retina
photosensitive film located in the back of the eye
sensory layer of the eye that translates light rays into electrical signals to be sent to the brain
between choroid and vitreous
lens
responsible for fine tuning
transparent
grows less elastic with age
second strongest refractive medium in the eye to bend light
optic nerve
extension of the brain
second cranial nerve
carries impulses from the retina to the brain
optic chaism
where images come together and cross over into the optic tract
occipital lobe
where optic radiations are spread through the visual cortex
temporal lobes
contain vision conducting pathways to the occipital lobes
posterior parietal lobes
upper mid part of each cerebral hemisphere in the brain, responsible for body sensation
macular degeneration
leading cause of vision loss and blindness for 65+
dry and wet (dry is more common)
loss of central vision
loss of color vision
dark area blocks out center
RP
hereditary retinal disease
destroys light sensing cells in the retina
low light environments are problematic
tunnel viison
ROP
premature babies
too little or too much oxygen in utero can cause this condition
eye continues to grow and retina pulls away from blood supply
blur and glare
Glaucoma
typically affects those 40+
slow, painless, undetectable
drainage canal of the eye is blocked over time
peripheral vision lost first
diabetic retinopathy
excessive glucose destroys blood vessels in the eye
scotomas
leaky blood causes blurred vision
central and peripheral loss
CVI
visual pathway in tact
brain does not interpret what the eyes are seeing
leading cause of visual impairment in children
optic nerve hypoplasia
abnormal development of the optic nerve
nystagmus
photophobia
variable field loss
rod/cone dystrophy
progressive degeneration
night blindness
loss of color and central vision
retinoblastoma
malignant tumor that develops from retina to vision cells
refractive error
focus with eye is not brought to the retina
myopia (nearsightedness)
minus lens, concave lens corrects
power of lens is too strong
hyperopia
farsightedness
convex lens corrects
power of lens is too weak
astigmatism
refractive error due to differences in curvature
presbiopia
old eyes
emmetriopia
normal eye
ametropia
refractive error
OU
both eyes
OD
right eye
OS
left eye
frequency
pitch
number of vibrations that occur at the same rate
X air conduction
left ear
O air conduction
right ear
< bone conduction
right ear
> bone conduction
left ear
conductive hearing loss
best ear focus on traffic
decrease environmental clutter in intersections
sensorineural and mixed hearing loss (what to use)
use amplification equipment
eye diseases associated with: diabetes
diabetic retinopathy
glaucoma
cataracts
considerations for O&M (diabetes)
neuropathy flare ups
glucose level indicators
medical plans
blood sugar fluctuations
eye diseases associated with AIDS
uveitis
CNS infection
toxoplasmosis
HIV retinopathy
considerations for instruction (AIDS)
good hygiene
be flexible with present endurance levels
seizure disorder
record keeping of “events”
be prepared
contact person
high blood pressure
cardiovascular endurance levels
bathroom breaks
shorter routes
heart condition
know CPR
shorter routes
Asthma
condition may fluctuate
have inhaler
emergency contact
how would you respond to a diabetic situation on an O&M lesson? (hypoglycemic/hypoglycemic)
have student sit in reclined chair
stay with student
give glucose
rest
call emergency contact
