DNA Structure and Replication Flashcards

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1
Q

origin of replication

A

the point in the DNA at which replication begins; characterized by a particular sequence of nucleotides (the ORI sequence) containing a large number of A-T bonds

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2
Q

ssDNA

A

single-stranded DNA; in DNA replication, the DNA after it is separated to serve as the template for replication

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3
Q

dsDNA

A

double-stranded DNA; two DNA strands with complementary base-pair sequences joined by hydrogen bonds

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4
Q

replication fork

A

point at which the two DNA strands begin to separate for replication

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5
Q

replication bubble

A

gap in the DNA formed as the replication fork expands

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6
Q

helicase

A

enzyme that binds to the ORI sequence and unwinds the dsDNA at replication forks

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7
Q

single-strand binding proteins

A

proteins that bind to and stabilize the ssDNA after helicase unwinds it

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8
Q

primase

A

enzyme that builds an RNA primer to begin DNA replication; one primer is used for the leading strand, and several primers are used on the lagging strand to create Okazaki fragments

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9
Q

topoisomerase

A

enzyme that prevents the double helix from becoming “overwound” during DNA replication by breaking one strand, turning it, and then rejoining the strand together

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10
Q

DNA polymerases

A

enzymes that synthesize new DNA strands in the 5’ to 3’ direction using the parental DNA is a template; in DNA replication, DNA polymerase III adds nucleotides to the 3’ end of the RNA primer, and DNA polymerase I removes the RNA primer and replaces it with DNA

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11
Q

ligase

A

joins together fragments of DNA; in DNA replication, joins the newly replaced primer DNA to the leading strand and joins the Okazaki fragments together on the lagging strand

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12
Q

sliding clamp

A

binds DNA polymerase III to the DNA, preventing the polymerase from detaching

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13
Q

leading strand

A

newly formed ssDNA complementary to the parental DNA, synthesized continuously towards the replication fork as it expands

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14
Q

lagging strand

A

complementary ssDNA synthesized with polymerase moving away from the replication fork; synthesized in several small segments called Okazaki fragments

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15
Q

Okazaki fragment

A

a small segment of DNA formed on the lagging strand using an RNA primer

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