Cell Communication Flashcards

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1
Q

Ligand

A

a molecule or ion that forms a complex with a receptor to initiate a signaling sequence

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2
Q

Receptor

A

target site where a ligand binds, changing the conformation of the receptor

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3
Q

target cell

A

the specific cell containing a receptor for a particular ligand

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4
Q

paracrine signaling

A

signaling that occurs when the target cell is near the signaling cell (e.g.: growth factors)

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5
Q

exocrine/hormonal signaling

A

signaling initiated by a cell or gland in one part of the body that is intended for cells in other parts of the body; the signal travels through the bloodstream (e.g.: hormones)

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6
Q

synaptic signaling

A

a type of paracrine signaling between two specific cells connected by a synapse (e.g.: neurotransmitters)

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7
Q

autocrine signaling

A

signaling where the ligand binds to receptors on the same cell

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8
Q

local signaling

A

signaling between adjacent cells (paracrine, autocrine, and synaptic)

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9
Q

long distance signaling

A

signaling between cells separated by some distance (exocrine)

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10
Q

kinase

A

an enzyme that transfers phosphate groups, usually from ATP to substrates; also called a phosphotransferase

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11
Q

phosphatase

A

an enzyme that removes phosphate groups

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12
Q

phosphodiesterase

A

an enzyme that breaks phosphodiester bonds, such as in cAMP

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13
Q

adenylyl cyclase

A

converts ATP to cAMP in order to transfer signals

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