Cell Structure and Function: Protein Sorting Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

protein sorting

A

process by which a cell transports and directs proteins to specific organelles or secretion outside the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

(ER) signal sequence or signal peptide

A

short amino acid sequence which targets nascent proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum and secretion pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

fluid mosaic model of membrane structure

A

a model that describes the phospholipid bilayer as fluid and proposes that integral membrane proteins float freely in the lipid bilayer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

cell secretion

A

release of proteins or other cellular products into the extracellular space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

exocytosis

A

process by which secretory vesicles fuse with and become part of the plasma membrane, releasing vesicular contents outside the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

endocytosis

A

process by which vesicles are internalized from the plasma membrane; often used to absorb or ingest molecular contents into the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

integral membrane protein

A

protein that is permanently embedded in the cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

transmembrane protein

A

integral membrane protein that spans the entire width of a cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

osmosis

A

diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane due to solute differences on either side of the membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

isotonic solutions

A

solutions separated by a membrane and containing an equal concentration of non-permeating solutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

hypotonic solution

A

solution with a lower concentration of non-permeating solutes than that of the solution on the other side of a membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

hypertonic solution

A

solution with a higher concentration of non-permeating solutes than that of the solution on the other side of a membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

facilitated diffusion (passive transport)

A

movement of molecules across a membrane via transport proteins without energy from ATP hydrolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

active transport

A

movement of molecules across a membrane, typically against a concentration gradient, by transport proteins that require energy from ATP hydrolysis; this energy requirement can be direct (primary active transport) or indirect (secondary active transport)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

electrochemical gradient

A

combined electrical and chemical (diffusion) forces acting on an ion between two sides of a cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

membrane potential

A

electrical potential or voltage between the two sides of the plasma membrane

17
Q

aquaporin

A

transport protein for the facilitated diffusion of water through a cell membrane

18
Q

ion channel

A

transport protein for the facilitated diffusion of ion(s) through a cell membrane

19
Q

ion pump

A

protein that moves ion(s) through a cell membrane by primary active transport

20
Q

cotransporter

A

protein that moves two or more molecules through a cell membrane by secondary active transport