Cell Structure and Function: 3 Domains of Life Flashcards

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1
Q

prokaryote

A

small unicellular organism, such as a bacterium, that lacks internal membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus

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2
Q

plasma membrane

A

the phospholipid bilayer that forms the outer boundary of any cell

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3
Q

cell wall

A

a fairly rigid polysaccharide supportive and protective layer containing peptidoglycan that lies outside the plasma membrane

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4
Q

capsule

A

a sticky layer that surrounds the cell wall of some prokaryotes, protecting the cell surface

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5
Q

cytoplasm

A

the contents of the cell enclosed by the plasma membrane, excluding the nucleus

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6
Q

cytosol

A

the water-based fluid component of the cytoplasm

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7
Q

nucleoid

A

a dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell

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8
Q

ribosome

A

a particle composed of proteins and RNA at which new proteins are synthesized

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9
Q

flagellum (pl. flagella)

A

a long cellular extension that rotates, enabling that cell to move (structured differently than eukaryotic flagella)

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10
Q

centrifugation

A

the process of separating or concentrating particles suspended in a liquid medium by using centrifugal force; can be used to study the functions of subcellular structures

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11
Q

electrophoresis

A

the process of sorting, identifying, and measuring small molecules such as DNA and proteins by using an electric current to cause the samples to travel down a gel filter

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12
Q

microscopy

A

a method used to magnify specimens for study; includes light microscopy and electron microscopy

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13
Q

resolution

A

a measure of the smallest detail that can be distinguished between two objects; resolving power is inversely proportional to the wavelength of the light or other incident beam and places limits on magnification

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14
Q

phylogeny

A

the evolutionary history of an organism or group of organisms determined through comparisons of modern life forms and structures with fossils

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