Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

biological sciences year 1 > diversity > Flashcards

diversity Flashcards

1
Q

How much must food production increase to meet demands of a growing population?

A

60-110%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why is food lost post-harvest?

A

poor storage conditions, pests and diseases, household food waste, shelf life + cosmetic appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the percentage of species on UK farmland under threat from agricultural practices in 2000?

A

67%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is micropropagation?

A

a method of plant propagation using extremely small pieces of plant tissue taken from a carefully chosen mother plant and growing these under laboratory conditions to produce a new plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are gymnosperms?

A

plants with seeds but no flowers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are angiosperms?

A

flowering plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are all major crops?

A

monocots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is chitin formed form?

A

N-acetylglucosamine units

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is ergosterol?

A

specific molecules in the cell membranes of fungi - precursor for vitamin D2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the mycelium consist of?

A

an interconnecting series of tubes with rigid walls containing cytoplasm - termed hyphae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the role of hyphae?

A

they achieve vegetative spread and absorption of nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What can hyphae do?

A

absorb small molecule directly - large molecules must be broken down first by secreting molecular enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the shape of hyphae?

A

long and thin - large SA:V

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why do hyphae usually grow away from each other?

A

presumably to optimise the area explored for capture of nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What compounds can fungi use?

A

all organic compounds made by plants and animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is saprotrophy?

A

using dead plants and animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the role of saprotrophs?

A

nutrient cycling, nutrient translocation, humus formation, soil structure and stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What causes brown rot and white rot?

A

mainly basidiomycetes

19
Q

What causes soft rot and stain?

A

mainly ascomycetes

20
Q

What simple compounds are used in brown rot?

A

cellulose and hemicellulose but no lignin

21
Q

What compounds does white rot use?

A

all compounds including lignin

22
Q

What can white rot do?

A

completely decompose wood to CO2 and H2O

23
Q

What compounds does soft rot use?

A

cellulose and hemicellulose - lignin removal is absent or slow and incomplete

24
Q

How do necrotrophs kills?

A

by enzymes

25
Q

What does biotrophy do?

A

abstracts nutrients, harms the plant but the host lives

26
Q

What is biotrophy mutualism with lichens?

A

intimate relationship between a photobiont and a mycobiont. useful for monitoring pollution

27
Q

What is biotrophy mutualism with mycorrhizas?

A

an intimate associate between the roots of most plants. plants depend on fungi forming partnerships with roots

28
Q

Who is Carolus Linneaus?

A

the father of classification. he put things into three groups: animal, plant, minerals

29
Q

What did John Hogg and Ernst Haeckel do?

A

added protists and removed minerals

30
Q

What did Robert Whittaker do?

A

he made the groups bacteria, protists, fungi, plants, animals

31
Q

What did Carl Woese do?

A

make the three domains: bacteria, archaea and eukarya

32
Q

What are features of an animal?

A

multicellular, large, heterotrophic, motile, epithelial cells, polarisation along anterior-posterior locomotory axis, Ach/cholinesterase system, monophyletic clade

33
Q

How many monophyletic phyla are there?

A

33

34
Q

What are features of Porifera (sponges)?

A

no true organs, no specialised cell layers, spicules (hard body elements), choanocytes (specialised feeding cells)

35
Q

What are features of Placozoans?

A

no mouth, no gut, diploblastic, can move

36
Q

What are features of Ctenophores?

A

radial symmetry, diploblastic (have ectoderm and endoderm), complete gut, 8 ctenes

37
Q

What are Cnidarians?

A

jellyfishes, sea anemones, corals

38
Q

What are bilaterians?

A

triploblastic (ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm)

39
Q

What are features of Platyhelminths?

A

mostly gut endoparasites, must be free living or parasitic, structurally diverse

40
Q

What are the features of Annelids?

A

segmented worm-like body, separate ganglia for each segment, thin permeable body

41
Q

What are the features of Molluscs?

A

large foot, main organs in visceral mass, mantle covers visceral mass

42
Q

What are features of nematodes?

A

thick, multi-layered cuticles, un-segmented

43
Q

What are features of arthropods?

A

segmented bodies, exoskeleton, muscles on inside, jointed and specialised appendages

biological sciences year 1 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions