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Pharmacology by THer > Diuretics > Flashcards

Diuretics Flashcards

1
Q

Drugs that modify water excretion

A

Desmopressin
Conivaptan
Mannitol

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2
Q

Site of uric acid transport and osmotic diuretics
Major site for NaCl and NaHCO3 reabsorption
Site of action of Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors

A

PCT

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3
Q

Reduces secretion of aqueous humor in glaucoma
Metabolic acidosis increases respiration in mountain sickness
SE: NAGMA, Hep Enceph in Pxs with cirrhosis

Drug, class

A

Acetazolamide, Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

ACIDazolamide

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4
Q

Causes of HAGMA

MUDPILES

A 
Methanol
Uremia
DKA
Paraldehyde, Propylene glycol
Isoniazid
Lactic acid
Ethanol, ethylene glycol
Salicylates
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5
Q

Causes of NAGMA

HARDUP

A 
Hyperalimentation
Acetazolamide
RTA
Diarrhea
Ureteral Diversion
Pancreatic Fistula
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6
Q

These drugs decrease the efficacy of Loop diuretics

A

NSAIDs

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7
Q

Site of action of loop diuretics

Site of Ca and Mg reabsorption

A

TAL of Loop of Henle

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8
Q

Half life of Furosemide

A

6 hours

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9
Q

Inhibits Na/K/2Cl transporter in thick ascending limb of loop of henle
Causes powerful diuresis and Ca excretion
Drug for pulmonary edema, hyercalcemia, ARF
SE: dehydration, ototoxicity, sulfa allergy, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, hyperuricemia

Drug, Class

A

Furosemide, Loop diuretic

Bumetanide, Torsemide, Ethacrynic acid

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10
Q

Drug with synergistic ototoxicity with aminoglycosides
Efficacy decreased by NSAIDs

Drug, Class

A

Furosemide, Loop diuretic

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11
Q

Loop diuretic toxicities

A 
OH DANG!
Ototoxicity
Hypokalemia
Dehydration
Allergy to Sulfa
Nephritis
Gout
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12
Q

Site of action of thiazide diuretics
Actively pumps Na and Cl via Na/Cl carrier
Site of Ca reabsorption secondary to PTH

A

DCT

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13
Q

Calcium is also reabsorbed in the DCT due to ___.

A

PTH

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14
Q

Inhibits Na/Cl transporter in the DCT
Causes modrate diuresis and reduce Ca excretion
Drug for HPN, Nephrogenic DI
SE: HyperGLUC

Drug, Class

A

Hydrochlorothiazide, Thiazide diuretic

Chlorthalidone, Indapamide, Metolazone

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15
Q

Drug with synergistic effect with loop diuretics

Efficacy is decreased by NSAIDs

A

HCTZ

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16
Q

Last site for Na reabsorption, K excretion
Under the influence of aldosterone
Primary site for urine acidification
Site of K-sparing diuretics

A

Cortical Collecting Duct

17
Q

Potassium sparing diuretics:

A 
SEAT PO
Spironolactone
Eplerenone
Amiloride
Triamterene
POtassium
18
Q

Steroid inhibitors of cytoplasmic aldosterone receptor in CCD
Reduces K excretion
Drug for hyperaldosteronism, hypoK, HPN
SE: gynecomastia, hyperK

Drug, Class

A

Spironolactone, Potassium-Sparing Diuretic (Aldosterone antagonist)
(Eplerenone)

19
Q

Diuretic that reduces progression of DM nephropathy and reduces mortality post-MI

Drug, Class

A

Eplerenone, Potassium-Sparing Diuretic

20
Q 
Drug that inhibits ENaC epithelial sodium channels in CCD
Reduces Na reabsorption and K excretion
Drug for hypokalemia
SE: hyperK, ARF, Kidney stones
Should NEVER be given with K supplements

Drug, Class

A

Amiloride, Potassium-Sparing Diuretic

Triamterene

21
Q

Drugs that cause Gynecomastia

A 
Some Drugs Create Awesome Knockers
Spironolactone
Digoxin
Cimetidine
Alcohol
Ketoconazole
22
Q

Drugs that reduce reabsorption of water in the descending limb of the loop of henle and Collecting tubule
Used for increased ICP, acute glaucoma
SE: transient volume expansion

Drug, Class

A

Mannitol, Osmotic diuretic

Glycerin, Isosorbide, Urea

23
Q

Site of action of ADH agonists and antagonists

Site of water reabsorption secondary to ADH

A

Medullary Collecting Duct

24
Q

Agonist at V1/V2 ADH Receptors
Inserts aquaporins in the collecting tubule
Drug for Central DI
SE: hyponatremia, hypertension

A

ADH, ADH Agonist

Vasopressin, Desmopressin

25
Q

Antagonist at V1a, V2 receptors
Drug for SIADH
SE: nephrogenic DI, infusion site reaction
Central Pontine Myelinosis may occur with rapid correction of hyponatremia

A

Conivaptan, ADH Antagonist

Tolvaptan, Lixivaptan, Demeclocycline, Lithium

26
Q

Identify the drug:
Increases Urine Na, K, HCO3
Blood pH: Acidosis

A

Acetazolamide

27
Q

Identify the drug:
Increases Urine Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl
Blood pH: Alkalosis

A

Furosemide

28
Q

Identify the drug:
Increases Urine Na, K, Cl, Ca
Blood pH: Alkalosis

A

HCTZ

29
Q

Identify the drug:
Increases Urine Na (small), Decreases Urine K
Blood pH: Acidosis

A

Spironolactone

30
Q

Drugs that modify salt excretion

A 
Acetazolamide
Furosemide
Thiazides
Spironolactone
Mannitol

Pharmacology by THer (31 decks)

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