Diuretics Flashcards

1
Q

What drugs are used for decompensated liver disease?

A

Spironolactone

Loop diuretics

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2
Q

Give an example of a K+-sparing diuretic

A

Amiloride

Spironolactone

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3
Q

What is the action of amiloride?

A

Inhibits ENaC

Reduces action of ROMK - less potassium lost

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4
Q

Uses of amiloride?

A

Used when a patient has hypokalaemia and need a diuretic

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5
Q

ADRs of amiloride?

A

Hyperkalaemia

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6
Q

Action of spironolactone?

A

Aldosterone antagonist
Indirectly reduces ENaC activity
Reduces action of ROMK

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7
Q

Uses of spironolactone?

A
Heart failure
Ascites
Hypertension
Hyperadrenalism
Decompensated liver disease
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8
Q

ADRs of spironolactone?

A

Hyperkalaemia
Painful gynaecomastia
ED

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9
Q

What are the actions of ADH antagonists?

A

Inhibits ADH effect

More water lost

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10
Q

Uses of ADH antagonists?

A

Hyponatraemia

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11
Q

ADRs of ADH antagonists?

A

Hypernatraemia

Deranged liver function

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12
Q

Name some nephrotoxic drugs

A
Aminoglycosides e.g. gentamicin
Vancomycin
Aciclovir
NSAIDs
(Metformin - makes you acidotic - indirectly harms the kidneys)
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13
Q

Name some drugs causing hyperkalaemia

A
RAAS inhibitors (ACEi, spironolactone)
NSAIDs
ENaC blockers (amiloride, trimethoprim)
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14
Q

What is the action of thiazides?

A

Blocks Na-Cl transporter in DCT

Increases calcium reabsorption (in place of sodium)

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15
Q

Uses of thiazides?

A

Hypertension (vasodilation action)
Nephrotic syndrome (2nd line)
CKD

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16
Q

ADRs of thiazides?

A
Hyperkalaemia
Increased urate (gout), glucose, lipids
17
Q

Examples of loop diuretics?

A

Furosemide

Bumetanide

18
Q

What is the action of loop diuretics?

A

Blocks NKCC transporters on loop of Henle
Filtrate becomes hyperosmotic
Less water is reabsorbed

19
Q

Uses of loop diuretics?

A

Heart failure (oedema and breathlessness)
Decompensated liver disease
Nephrotic syndrome
CKD

20
Q

ADRs of loop diuretics?

A
Alkalosis
Gout
Increased LDL
Myalgia (bumetanide)
Ototoxicity (large doses/renal issues)
21
Q

Name an osmotic diuretic?

22
Q

Action of osmotic diuretics?

A

Small, osmotically active molecules

Draws fluid into tubule

23
Q

Uses of osmotic diuretics?

A

Cerebral oedema

24
Q

ADRs of osmotic diuretics?

A

Allergic reactions
Excessive water loss
Hypernatraemia

25
Give an example of a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
Azetazolamide
26
Action of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?
Blocks sodium and bicarbonate reabsorption in the PCT
27
Uses of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?
Glaucoma Altitude sickness *not used clinically as diuretics
28
ADRs of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?
Metabolic acidosis Renal stones Hypokalaemia
29
Name an ADH antagonist
Tolvaptan | Lithium
30
What is the first line drug given for nephrotic syndrome?
Loop diuretic
31
What are the second line drugs for nephrotic syndrome?
Thiazides with potassium supplements | Potassium-sparing diuretic
32
What diuretic should be avoided in CKD?
Potassium-sparing diuretics
33
What diuretic is used for refractory oedema?
``` IV furosemide (loop) (Poor gut absorption due to oedema) ```