Diuretics Flashcards
What drugs are used for decompensated liver disease?
Spironolactone
Loop diuretics
Give an example of a K+-sparing diuretic
Amiloride
Spironolactone
What is the action of amiloride?
Inhibits ENaC
Reduces action of ROMK - less potassium lost
Uses of amiloride?
Used when a patient has hypokalaemia and need a diuretic
ADRs of amiloride?
Hyperkalaemia
Action of spironolactone?
Aldosterone antagonist
Indirectly reduces ENaC activity
Reduces action of ROMK
Uses of spironolactone?
Heart failure Ascites Hypertension Hyperadrenalism Decompensated liver disease
ADRs of spironolactone?
Hyperkalaemia
Painful gynaecomastia
ED
What are the actions of ADH antagonists?
Inhibits ADH effect
More water lost
Uses of ADH antagonists?
Hyponatraemia
ADRs of ADH antagonists?
Hypernatraemia
Deranged liver function
Name some nephrotoxic drugs
Aminoglycosides e.g. gentamicin Vancomycin Aciclovir NSAIDs (Metformin - makes you acidotic - indirectly harms the kidneys)
Name some drugs causing hyperkalaemia
RAAS inhibitors (ACEi, spironolactone) NSAIDs ENaC blockers (amiloride, trimethoprim)
What is the action of thiazides?
Blocks Na-Cl transporter in DCT
Increases calcium reabsorption (in place of sodium)
Uses of thiazides?
Hypertension (vasodilation action)
Nephrotic syndrome (2nd line)
CKD
ADRs of thiazides?
Hyperkalaemia Increased urate (gout), glucose, lipids
Examples of loop diuretics?
Furosemide
Bumetanide
What is the action of loop diuretics?
Blocks NKCC transporters on loop of Henle
Filtrate becomes hyperosmotic
Less water is reabsorbed
Uses of loop diuretics?
Heart failure (oedema and breathlessness)
Decompensated liver disease
Nephrotic syndrome
CKD
ADRs of loop diuretics?
Alkalosis Gout Increased LDL Myalgia (bumetanide) Ototoxicity (large doses/renal issues)
Name an osmotic diuretic?
Mannitol
Action of osmotic diuretics?
Small, osmotically active molecules
Draws fluid into tubule
Uses of osmotic diuretics?
Cerebral oedema
ADRs of osmotic diuretics?
Allergic reactions
Excessive water loss
Hypernatraemia