Anaesthetics Flashcards
What are the inhaled/volatile drugs used for general anaesthesia?
N20 (nitrous oxide)
Chloroform
Diethyl-ether
Cyclopropane
What are the IV drugs used in general anaethesia?
Propofol
Barbiturates
Etomidate
Ketamine
What are the uses for the local and regional anaesthesia?
Dentistry
Obs
Post-op
Chronic pain management
What drugs are used for conscious sedation?
Small amounts of anaesthetics
Benzodiazepines
What drug is given for premedication in anaesthesia?
Benzodiazepines
What anaesthetic is given intraoperatively?
Fentanyl (opioid)
What drugs are given for recovery of anaesthesia?
Opioid
NSAIDs
Paracetamol
What is the action of most anaesthetic drugs?
Increase the power of GABAa receptors (ligand gated) to depress CNS activity
What is the action of a GABAa receptor?
Ligand gates
Allows Cl- in
Cell becomes hyperpolarised
Less excitable cells
Which anaesthetic drugs work via receptors other than GABAnergic ones?
Xe
N2O
Ket.
What is the action of N2O, Xe and Ketamine?
Blocks glutamate binding at NMDA receptors
Inhibits Ca2+ flow in
CNS depressive effect
What are the main side effects of general anaesthetics?
PONV (post operative nausea and vomiting)
Hypotension
POCD (post operative cognitive dysfunction)
Chest infection
What are the main side effects of local and regional anaesthetics?
Usually as result of systemic spread
CVS toxicity
What is the action of local anaesthetics?
Sodium channel blockers (class 1 anti arrhythmic drugs) Offer use-dependent block, faster firing in pain leads to more anaesthetic blocking of channels
Gives preference to pain fibres within the body (small myelinated afferent fibres giving nociceptive and sympathetic block)
Why is N2O used in combination with anaesthetic giving ADRs?
Has low potency
Reduces MAC of original drug thus reduces dosing=reduces bad side effects
