Diuretics

Question 1

What do Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors do?

Answer 1

Inhibit carbonic anhydrase in proximal tubule.

2. Prevents sodium absorption

Question 2

What is the use of Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?

Answer 2

Open angle glaucoma

Question 3

What is the side effect of acetazolamide?

Answer 3

Metabolic acidosis

Question 4

Name the Loop Diuretics

Answer 4

Furosemide and Bumetanide

Question 5

What transporter do Loop Diuretics inhibit?

Answer 5

Na-K-2Cl transporter

Question 6

How much Sodium is inhibited in Loop Diuretics? What is excreted?

Answer 6

1. 20-25% of sodium is inhibited
2. Increased excretion of K, Ca and Mg
3. Decreased uric acid excretion
4. Increased RBF

Question 7

What is Furosemide used for?

Answer 7

Edema, Hypercalcemia

Question 8

What are the side effects of Furosemide?

Answer 8

Volume depletion, Hypokalemia, and Alkalosis

Question 9

Name he Thiazide-like drugs

Answer 9

Hydrocholorthiazide and Metolazone

Question 10

What do the Thiazide-like drugs do?

Answer 10

Inhibit Na-Cl symport in distal tubule

Question 11

How much sodium do thiazides inhibit? What is excreted? What is saved?

Answer 11

1. Inhibits 5% of sodium
2. Excretes K and Mg
3. Decreases Ca and uric acid excretion
4. GFR decreases

Question 12

What are Thiazides used for?

Answer 12

Hypertension, CHF and Hypercalciuria

Question 13

What are adverse effects of Thiazides?

Answer 13

Hypokalemia, Hyperglycemia and Hyperuricemia

Question 14

What does Potassium-Sparing Diuretics do?

Answer 14

Inhibit renal epithelial sodium channels in collecting ducts.

Question 15

Name two Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

Answer 15

Amiloride and Triamterene

Question 16

Discuss spiralactone

Answer 16

1. Aldosterone antagonist that requires aldosterone
2. Triamterene and amiloride act independently of aldosterone.
3. Can cause gynecomastia

Question 17

Discuss Manitol

Answer 17

1. Acts in proximal tubule
2. Increases plasma and urine osmolality.
3. Avoid in CHF, anuria and pulmonary edema

Question 18

What can change the ability to excrete solute-free water?

Answer 18

1. Increased by Mannitol and acetazolamide
2. Unchanged by Potassium sparing drugs
3. Decreased by loop and thiazide drugs

Question 19

What can change the ability to reabsorb solute-free water?

Answer 19

1. Increased by mannitol and acetazolamide
2. Not changed by thiazides and Potassium sparing drugs.
3. Decreased by loop diuretics

Question 20

What are Vasopressin antagonists used for?

Answer 20

Conivaptan is used to treat hyponatremia