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MSK- Anatomy > Dissection 9- Brachial Plexus > Flashcards

Dissection 9- Brachial Plexus Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the brachial plexus found?

A

It begins in the lateral cervical region (posterior triangle) and extends into the axilla

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2
Q

What forms the brachial plexus?

A

The union of the anterior rami of C5-T1 nerves

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3
Q

The anterior rami of C5-T1 constitute what part of the plexus?

A

The roots

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4
Q

What are the different regions of the brachial plexus, from proximal to distal?

A
  • Roots
  • Trunks
  • Divisions
  • Cords
  • Nerves (terminal branches)
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5
Q

Where are the roots and trunks of the brachial plexus found?

A

Mainly between the anterior and middle scalene muscles in the root of the neck

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6
Q

Where are the divisions of the brachial plexus found?

A

Immediately posterior to the subclavian vessels in the root of the neck

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7
Q

Where are the cords of the brachial plexus found?

A

Around the axillary artery which is distal to the 1st rib

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8
Q

In the inferior part of the neck, the roots of the brachial plexus unite to form what?

A

3 trunks

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9
Q

What are the names of the three trunks of the brachial plexus?

A
  • Superior
  • Middle
  • Inferior
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10
Q

What forms the superior trunk?

A

The union of C5 and C6 roots

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11
Q

What forms the middle trunk?

A

A continuation of the C7 root

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12
Q

What forms the inferior trunk?

A

The union of C8 and T1 roots

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13
Q

What does each trunk of the brachial plexus divide into?

A

Anterior and posterior divisions

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14
Q

Where in the body do the trunks divide into divisions?

A

As the plexus passes through the cervico-axillary canal, posterior to the clavicles

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15
Q

What do anterior divisions supply?

A

Anterior (flexor) compartments of the upper limb

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16
Q

What do posterior divisions supply?

A

Posterior (extensor) compartments of the upper limb

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17
Q

What do the divisions of the brachial plexus form?

A

3 cords

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18
Q

What are the three cords of the brachial plexus known as?

A
  • Lateral cord
  • Posterior cord
  • Medial cord
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19
Q

What forms the lateral cord?

A

Anterior divisions of the superior and middle trunks

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20
Q

What forms the medial cord?

A

A continuation of the anterior division of the inferior trunk

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21
Q

What forms the posterior cord?

A

The posterior divisions of all three trunks

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22
Q

The cords of the brachial plexus are named according to their relation to where?

A

Second part of the axillary artery

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23
Q

What are the 5 named nerves of the brachial plexus?

A
  • Musculocutaneous nerve
  • Axillary nerve
  • Radial nerve
  • Median nerve
  • Ulnar nerve
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24
Q

What forms the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

A direct continuation of the lateral cord

25
Q

What muscle does the musculocutaneous nerve enter?

A

Coracobrachialis

26
Q

What muscles does the musculocutaneous nerve supply?

A

Muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm: coracobrachialis, biceps brachii and brachialis

27
Q

What forms the axillary nerve?

A

The posterior cord splits in two, one of these branches is the axillary nerve

28
Q

What forms the radial nerve?

A

The posterior cord splits in two, one of these branches is the radial nerve

29
Q

The posterior cord splits in two to form what?

A

Axillary and radial nerves

30
Q

The axillary and radial nerves pass into what compartment of the arm?

A

Posterior

31
Q

Where does the axillary nerve lie?

A

Superior to the radial nerve, wrapped around the posterior aspect of the surgical neck of the humerus

32
Q

What injuries make the axillary nerve susceptible to injury?

A
  • Shoulder dislocations

- Fractures of the humeral neck

33
Q

Where does the radial nerve lie?

A

Wraps around the posterior aspect of. the mid-shaft of the humerus

34
Q

What injury makes the radial nerve susceptible to injury?

A

Mid shaft of the humerus fractures

35
Q

What forms the median nerve?

A

Formed from the combination of the medial and lateral cords

36
Q

What nerve forms the middle of the M shaped configuration of the named nerves of the brachial plexus?

A

Median nerve

37
Q

What forms the ulnar nerve?

A

A direct continuation of the medial cord

38
Q

What is the most medial named nerve?

A

Ulnar nerve

39
Q

What area of the arm does the ulnar nerve pass into?

A

Medial

40
Q

What are the branches of the brachial plexus which come from the roots AND their corresponding nerve root numbers?

A
  • Long thoracic nerve (C5, 6, 7)
  • Dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
  • First intercostal nerve (T1)
41
Q

What muscle does the long thoracic nerve supply?

A

Serratus anterior

42
Q

What muscles does the dorsal scapular nerve supply?

A

Rhomboids and elevator scapulae

43
Q

What are the branches of the brachial plexus which come from the superior trunk AND their corresponding nerve root numbers?

A
  • Suprascapular nerve (C5/6)

- Nerve to subclavius (C5/6)

44
Q

What does the supra scapular nerve supply?

A

Supra and infraspinatus

45
Q

What nerve branches from the lateral cord?

A

Lateral pectoral nerve (C5, 6, 7)

46
Q

What does the lateral pectoral nerve supply?

A

Pectoralis major

47
Q

What nerves branch from the posterior cord?

A
  • Upper sub scapular nerve (C5, 6)
  • Lower sub scapular nerve (C5, 6)
  • Thoracodorsal nerve (C6, 7, 8)
48
Q

What does the upper sub scapular nerve supply?

A

Subscapularis

49
Q

What does the lower sub scapular nerve supply?

A

Subscapularis and teres major

50
Q

What does the thoracodorsal nerve supply?

A

Latissimus dorsi

51
Q

What nerves branch from the medial cord?

A
  • Medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)
  • Medial cutaneous nerve of arm (T1)
  • Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm (C8)
52
Q

What does the medial pectoral nerve supply?

A

Pectorals major and minor

53
Q

Injury to the upper brachial plexus constitutes what nerve roots?

A

C5, C6

54
Q

What is usually the cause of upper brachial plexus injury?

A

An excessive increase in angle between the neck and shoulder

55
Q

How does upper brachial plexus injury cause the upper limb to hang?

A

In medial rotation

56
Q

Which is more common, upper or lower brachial plexus injuries?

A

Upper

57
Q

What may cause lower brachial plexus injury?

A

When the upper limb is pulled superiorly

58
Q

Injury to the lower brachial plexus constitutes what nerve roots?

A

C8, T1

59
Q

Lower brachial plexus injury results in the formation of what?

A

Claw hand

MSK- Anatomy (10 decks)

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