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MSK- Anatomy > Dissection 9- Axilla > Flashcards

Dissection 9- Axilla Flashcards

1
Q

What shape is the axilla?

A

Pyramidal

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2
Q

Where is the axilla found?

A

Inferior to the shoulder joint, superior to the armpit

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3
Q

What is the medial wall of the axilla?

A

The superolateral aspect of the chest

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4
Q

What is the major structure forming the anterior wall of the axilla?

A

Pectoralis major

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5
Q

What are the minor structures forming the anterior wall of the axilla?

A

Pectoralis minor and pectoral/clavipectoral fascia

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6
Q

What is the most inferior aspect of the anterior wall of the axilla (and hence inferior border of pectorals major)?

A

Anterior axillary fold

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7
Q

What muscle does the pectorals major work with, to be the main muscles of climbing?

A

Latissimus Dorsi

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8
Q

As well as being a major muscle of climbing, what is another important function of the pectorals major muscle?

A

Accessory muscle of inspiration

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9
Q

Contraction of the pectoral is major will pull the ribs in what direction?

A

Outwards and superior

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10
Q

What forms the posterior wall of the axilla:

a) Anteriorly?
b) Inferiorly?

A

a) Scapula and subscapularis muscle

b) Teres major and latissimus dorsi

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11
Q

What is the most inferior aspect of the posterior wall of the axilla?

A

Posterior axillary fold

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12
Q

Where does the axillary artery begin?

A

The lateral aspect of the 1st rib

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13
Q

Where does the axillary artery end?

A

Inferior border of teres major

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14
Q

What vessel is the axillary artery a continuation of?

A

Subclavian artery

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15
Q

What does the axillary artery pass posterior to in order to get into the arm?

A

Pectoralis minor

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16
Q

Once in the arm, what does the axillary artery become?

A

Brachial artery

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17
Q

What are the 5 branches of the axillary artery (superior to inferior)?

A
  • Superior thoracic artery
  • Thoraco-acromial artery
  • Lateral thoracic artery
  • Subscapular artery
  • Anterior/posterior circumflex humeral arteries
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18
Q

What is the largest branch of the axillary artery?

A

Subscapular artery

19
Q

Where does the axillary vein lie in relation to the axillary artery in the distal arm?

A

Medial

20
Q

Where does the axillary vein lie in relation to the axillary artery in the proximal arm?

A

Inferior

21
Q

What two veins merge to form the brachial vein?

A

Smaller brachial vein branches and the basilic vein

22
Q

What vein forms the axillary vein?

A

Brachial vein

23
Q

Where does the brachial vein become the axillary vein?

A

Inferior border of teres major

24
Q

Where does the axillary vein end? What does it become?

A

Ends at the lateral aspect of the 1st rib to become the subclavian vein

25
Q

What are the 3 main groups of lymph nodes found in the axilla?

A
  • Basal
  • Central
  • Apical
26
Q

What are the 3 subgroups of basal lymph nodes known as?

A
  • Pectoral (anterior)
  • Subscapular (posterior)
  • Humeral (lateral)
27
Q

Where do basal lymph nodes drain into?

A

Central nodes

28
Q

How many pectoral nodes are there?

A

3-5

29
Q

Where do the pectoral nodes lie?

A

Around the medial aspect of the axilla, lateral thoracic vein and the inferior border of pectorals minor

30
Q

Where do the pectoral nodes receive lymph from?

A

The anterior thoracic wall, including most of the breast

31
Q

How many sub scapular nodes are there?

A

6/7

32
Q

Where do the sub scapular nodes lie?

A

Posterior axillary fold and sub scapular blood vessels

33
Q

Where do sub scapular nodes receive lymph from?

A

Posterior thoracic wall and scapular region

34
Q

How many humeral nodes are there?

A

4-6

35
Q

Where are the humeral nodes found?

A

The lateral wall of the axilla; medial and posterior to the axillary vein

36
Q

Where do the humeral nodes receive lymph from?

A

All of the upper limb

37
Q

How many central nodes are there?

A

3/4

38
Q

Where are the central nodes found?

A

Deep to the pectoralis minor, near the base of the axilla, in association with the second part of the axillary artery

39
Q

Where does lymph from the central nodes drain into?

A

Apical nodes

40
Q

Where are the apical nodes found?

A

At the apex of the axilla, along the medial side of the axillary vein and artery

41
Q

Where do apical nodes receive lymph from?

A

All other axillary nodes

Lymphatics accompanying the proximal cephalic vein

42
Q

Apical nodes join up with other lymphatics to form what?

A

The subclavian lymphatic trunk

43
Q

Where does the subclavian lymphatic trunk (hence apical nodes) drain into?

A

Thoracic duct/right lymphatic duct

MSK- Anatomy (10 decks)

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