Dissection 3- Hip and Posterior Thigh Flashcards
What are the 4 muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh?
Semimembranosus, semitendinosis, long head of biceps femoris, short head of biceps femoris
What is the general name for 3/4 of the posterior thigh muscles?
Hamstrings
Which of the posterior thigh muscles is not a hamstring?
Short head of the biceps femoris
Where is the proximal attachment of the hamstring muscles?
Ischial tuberosity
Where, in general terms, do the hamstring muscles attach distally?
One of the bones of the leg
What are the hamstring muscles innervated by?
The tibial division of the sciatic nerve
The hamstring muscles act on which two joints?
Hip and knee
The hamstring muscles have what effect at the hip?
Extension
The hamstring muscles have what effect at the knee?
Flexion
Hip extension and knee flexion can be performed maximally at the same time. True or false?
False.
The tendons of the hamstring muscles bind what structure and in what directions?
The popliteal fossa- superomedially and superolaterally
Where do the semimembranosus and semitendinosis attach distally?
The proximal tibia
How can the semitendinosus muscle be identified?
It has a longer tendon than other muscles
How can the semimembranosus be identified?
It has a shiny, membranous appearance
Where do both heads of the biceps femoris attach distally?
Lateral aspect of the head of the fibula
Where does the short head of the biceps femoris attach proximally?
Linea aspera of femur
What joint(s) does the short head of biceps femoris cross?
Knee
What is the nerve supply to the short head of biceps femoris?
Common fibular branch of the sciatic nerve
Which of the muscles in the posterior thigh are most lateral?
The two heads of the biceps femoris
Which of the muscles in the posterior thigh are most medial?
Semimembranosis and semitendinosis
What does the sciatic nerve supply?
Posterior thigh, some muscles in all compartments of the leg, intrinsic muscles of the foot
What does the sciatic nerve divide into?
Tibial nerve and common fibular nerve
Where can the division of the sciatic nerve occur?
Between the gluteal region and popliteal fossa
Where is the division of the sciatic nerve most commonly found?
Inferior third of the thigh
What does the sciatic nerve lie posterior to in the posterior thigh?
Adductor magnus
What does the sciatic nerve lie anterior to in the posterior thigh?
Long head of biceps femoris
The sciatic nerve is so large it receives its own branch of what artery? What is this branch known as?
Inferior gluteal artery- artery to the sciatic nerve
The ligaments of the hip joint pass in a spiral manner from where to where?
Pelvis to femur
What are the 3 main ligaments of the hip joint?
- Iliofemoral ligament
- Pubofemoral ligament
- Ischiofemoral ligament
Which of the hip joint ligaments is Y shaped?
Iliofemoral
From which directions does the iliofemoral ligament reinforce the hip joint?
Anteriorly and superiorly
Where does the iliofemoral ligament attach between?
ASIS and intertrochanteric line
The iliofemoral ligament prevents which movement?
Hyperextension of the hip
From which directions does the pubofemoral ligament reinforce the hip joint?
Inferiorly and anteriorly
Where does the pubofemoral ligament arise from? Where does it merge with?
- Obturator crest
- Fibrous layer of the joint capsule
What movement does the pubofemoral ligament prevent?
Excessive abduction of the hip
The ischiofemoral ligament reinforces the hip joint from what direction?
Posteriorly
Where does the ischiofemoral ligament attach between?
Ischial acetabular ring and neck of femur
What type of joint is the hip?
Multi-axial ball and socket synovial joint
The femoral artery gives off which artery which then branches into the medial circumflex arteries which give off what branches?
- Profunda femoris artery
- Reticular branches
What artery gives off the profunda femoris artery which then branches into what arteries that give off the reticular branches?
- Femoral artery
- Medial circumflex arteries
Where do the reticular branches run?
Synovial folds of the femoral neck
Where does the artery to the head of the femur come from?
Obturator artery
Fractures where often disrupt the blood supply to the femoral head?
Neck of femur fractures
What arteries supply most of the blood to the femoral head/neck?
Medial circumflex arteries
In neck of femur fractures, what arteries are often torn?
Retinacular arteries
What structure increases the depth of the acetabulum?
The labrum
Which ligament attaches the femur to the depth of the acetabulum?
Ligament of the head of femur
When is the ligament to the head of femur often torn?
Hip dislocation
What artery runs within the ligament to the head of femur?
Artery to head of femur
The artery to the head of femur supplies a minimal supply of oxygenated blood to where?
The juvenile femur
What happens to the artery of the head of femur in adults?
It is obliterated
