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MSK- Anatomy > Dissection 3- Hip and Posterior Thigh > Flashcards

Dissection 3- Hip and Posterior Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Semimembranosus, semitendinosis, long head of biceps femoris, short head of biceps femoris

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2
Q

What is the general name for 3/4 of the posterior thigh muscles?

A

Hamstrings

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3
Q

Which of the posterior thigh muscles is not a hamstring?

A

Short head of the biceps femoris

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4
Q

Where is the proximal attachment of the hamstring muscles?

A

Ischial tuberosity

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5
Q

Where, in general terms, do the hamstring muscles attach distally?

A

One of the bones of the leg

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6
Q

What are the hamstring muscles innervated by?

A

The tibial division of the sciatic nerve

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7
Q

The hamstring muscles act on which two joints?

A

Hip and knee

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8
Q

The hamstring muscles have what effect at the hip?

A

Extension

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9
Q

The hamstring muscles have what effect at the knee?

A

Flexion

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10
Q

Hip extension and knee flexion can be performed maximally at the same time. True or false?

A

False.

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11
Q

The tendons of the hamstring muscles bind what structure and in what directions?

A

The popliteal fossa- superomedially and superolaterally

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12
Q

Where do the semimembranosus and semitendinosis attach distally?

A

The proximal tibia

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13
Q

How can the semitendinosus muscle be identified?

A

It has a longer tendon than other muscles

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14
Q

How can the semimembranosus be identified?

A

It has a shiny, membranous appearance

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15
Q

Where do both heads of the biceps femoris attach distally?

A

Lateral aspect of the head of the fibula

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16
Q

Where does the short head of the biceps femoris attach proximally?

A

Linea aspera of femur

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17
Q

What joint(s) does the short head of biceps femoris cross?

A

Knee

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18
Q

What is the nerve supply to the short head of biceps femoris?

A

Common fibular branch of the sciatic nerve

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19
Q

Which of the muscles in the posterior thigh are most lateral?

A

The two heads of the biceps femoris

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20
Q

Which of the muscles in the posterior thigh are most medial?

A

Semimembranosis and semitendinosis

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21
Q

What does the sciatic nerve supply?

A

Posterior thigh, some muscles in all compartments of the leg, intrinsic muscles of the foot

22
Q

What does the sciatic nerve divide into?

A

Tibial nerve and common fibular nerve

23
Q

Where can the division of the sciatic nerve occur?

A

Between the gluteal region and popliteal fossa

24
Q

Where is the division of the sciatic nerve most commonly found?

A

Inferior third of the thigh

25
Q

What does the sciatic nerve lie posterior to in the posterior thigh?

A

Adductor magnus

26
Q

What does the sciatic nerve lie anterior to in the posterior thigh?

A

Long head of biceps femoris

27
Q

The sciatic nerve is so large it receives its own branch of what artery? What is this branch known as?

A

Inferior gluteal artery- artery to the sciatic nerve

28
Q

The ligaments of the hip joint pass in a spiral manner from where to where?

A

Pelvis to femur

29
Q

What are the 3 main ligaments of the hip joint?

A
  • Iliofemoral ligament
  • Pubofemoral ligament
  • Ischiofemoral ligament
30
Q

Which of the hip joint ligaments is Y shaped?

A

Iliofemoral

31
Q

From which directions does the iliofemoral ligament reinforce the hip joint?

A

Anteriorly and superiorly

32
Q

Where does the iliofemoral ligament attach between?

A

ASIS and intertrochanteric line

33
Q

The iliofemoral ligament prevents which movement?

A

Hyperextension of the hip

34
Q

From which directions does the pubofemoral ligament reinforce the hip joint?

A

Inferiorly and anteriorly

35
Q

Where does the pubofemoral ligament arise from? Where does it merge with?

A
  • Obturator crest

- Fibrous layer of the joint capsule

36
Q

What movement does the pubofemoral ligament prevent?

A

Excessive abduction of the hip

37
Q

The ischiofemoral ligament reinforces the hip joint from what direction?

A

Posteriorly

38
Q

Where does the ischiofemoral ligament attach between?

A

Ischial acetabular ring and neck of femur

39
Q

What type of joint is the hip?

A

Multi-axial ball and socket synovial joint

40
Q

The femoral artery gives off which artery which then branches into the medial circumflex arteries which give off what branches?

A
  • Profunda femoris artery

- Reticular branches

41
Q

What artery gives off the profunda femoris artery which then branches into what arteries that give off the reticular branches?

A
  • Femoral artery

- Medial circumflex arteries

42
Q

Where do the reticular branches run?

A

Synovial folds of the femoral neck

43
Q

Where does the artery to the head of the femur come from?

A

Obturator artery

44
Q

Fractures where often disrupt the blood supply to the femoral head?

A

Neck of femur fractures

45
Q

What arteries supply most of the blood to the femoral head/neck?

A

Medial circumflex arteries

46
Q

In neck of femur fractures, what arteries are often torn?

A

Retinacular arteries

47
Q

What structure increases the depth of the acetabulum?

A

The labrum

48
Q

Which ligament attaches the femur to the depth of the acetabulum?

A

Ligament of the head of femur

49
Q

When is the ligament to the head of femur often torn?

A

Hip dislocation

50
Q

What artery runs within the ligament to the head of femur?

A

Artery to head of femur

51
Q

The artery to the head of femur supplies a minimal supply of oxygenated blood to where?

A

The juvenile femur

52
Q

What happens to the artery of the head of femur in adults?

A

It is obliterated

MSK- Anatomy (10 decks)

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