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MSK- Anatomy > Dissection 4- Popliteal Fossa and Posterior Leg > Flashcards

Dissection 4- Popliteal Fossa and Posterior Leg Flashcards

1
Q

What is the popliteal fossa mostly filled with?

A

Fat

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2
Q

What shape is the popliteal fossa?

A

Diamond

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3
Q

Where will you find the popliteal fossa?

A

Posterior to the knee joint

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4
Q

What is the superolateral border of the popliteal fossa?

A

Biceps Femoris

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5
Q

What is the superomedial border of the popliteal fossa?

A

Semimembranosus, semitendinosus

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6
Q

What is the inferior border of the popliteal fossa?

A

Medial and lateral heads of the gastrocnemius

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7
Q

What is the roof of the popliteal fossa?

A

Popliteal fascia and skin

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8
Q

What nerves pass through the popliteal fossa?

A

Tibial nerve, common fibular nerve, posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh

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9
Q

What vessels pass through the popliteal fossa?

A

Popliteal artery and vein, termination of small saphenous vein

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10
Q

What structures the are not vessels or nerves pass through the popliteal fossa?

A

Popliteal lymph nodes, plantaris and popliteus muscles

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11
Q

What vessel ends in the popliteal fossa?

A

Small saphenous vein

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12
Q

Where does the small saphenous vein pass through in the popliteal fossa?

A

Deep popliteal fascia in the median plane of the limb

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13
Q

Where does the small saphenous vein drain into?

A

Popliteal vein

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14
Q

The popliteal deep fascia is continuous with what other deep fascias superiorly and inferiorly?

A

Superiorly- Fascia lata

Inferiorly- Crural fascia

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15
Q

The popliteal fossa contains a major NVB in what plane?

A

Median

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16
Q

What is contained in the major NVB of the popliteal fossa, from superficial to deep?

A

Tibial nerve, popliteal vein, popliteal artery

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17
Q

The popliteal vein is a continuation of what vein?

A

Posterior tibial vein

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18
Q

The popliteal artery is a continuation of what artery?

A

Femoral artery

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19
Q

Popliteal lymph nodes are closely associated with and located along which other structure?

A

Popliteal vein

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20
Q

Where does the popliteal artery begin?

A

Where the femoral artery passes through the adductor hiatus

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21
Q

Where does the popliteal artery end? What does it divide into?

A
  • Inferior border of popliteus

- Anterior and posterior tibial arteries

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22
Q

Where is the popliteal vein formed?

A

Inferior border of popliteus

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23
Q

Where does the popliteal vein lie in relation to the popliteal artery?

A

Superficial

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24
Q

Are the popliteal artery and vein in the same fibrous sheath?

A

Yes

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25
Q

What does the popliteal vein become at the adductor hiatus?

A

Femoral vein

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26
Q

Where does the small saphenous vein run between?

A

Posterior aspect of the lateral malleolus to the popliteal fossa

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27
Q

Where in the popliteal fossa do the superficial popliteal lymph nodes lie?

A

In subcutaneous tissue

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28
Q

Where do the deep popliteal lymph nodes receive lymph from?

A

Joint capsule of knee, lymphatic vessels that accompany the deep veins of the leg

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29
Q

Popliteal lymphatic vessels follow the femoral vessels to drain into where?

A

Deep inguinal lymph nodes

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30
Q

Where does the sciatic nerve usually end? What does it divide into?

A
  • Superior angle of the popliteal fossa

- Tibial and common fibular nerves

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31
Q

Which is the most medial and larger branch of the sciatic nerve?

A

Tibial nerve

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32
Q

While in the popliteal fossa, the tibial nerve gives off branches to which muscles of the leg?

A
  • Soleus
  • Gastrocnemius
  • Plantaris
  • Popliteus
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33
Q

The medial sural cutaneous nerve is derived from what nerve?

A

Tibial nerve

34
Q

The medial sural cutaneous nerve combines with what other nerve to form the rural nerve?

A

Sural communicating nerve

35
Q

The sural communicating nerve is a branch of which nerve?

A

Common fibular nerve

36
Q

What does the sural nerve supply?

A

Skin on the posterior and lateral leg and the lateral foot

37
Q

What is the lateral sural cutaneous nerve a branch of?

A

Common fibular nerve

38
Q

What does the lateral sural cutaneous nerve supply?

A

Skin on the lateral aspect of the leg

39
Q

Which is the smaller and more lateral branch of the sciatic nerve?

A

Common fibular nerve

40
Q

The common fibular nerve leaves the popliteal fossa passing superficial to which muscle?

A

Lateral head of the gastrocnemius

41
Q

Where does the common fibular nerve wrap around, causing it to be susceptible to injury?

A

Fibular neck

42
Q

What branches does the common fibular nerve divide into terminally?

A

Superficial and deep fibular

43
Q

The most inferior branches of the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh supply where?

A

Skin over the popliteal fossa

44
Q

What will be the clinical signs if the common fibular nerve is damaged?

A
  • Dysfunction of the nerve and the muscles it supplies

- Abnormal sensation in the area of skin supplied by the nerve

45
Q

What fracture is most likely to cause damage to the common fibular nerve?

A

Fibular neck fractures

46
Q

To locate the popliteal pulse:
The knee should be flexed to what degree?
What muscles should be relaxed?

A
  • 30 degrees

- Hamstring muscles

47
Q

What is the other name for the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Plantar flexor compartment

48
Q

What is the largest of the three leg compartments?

A

Posterior

49
Q

All the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg are supplied by what nerve?

A

Tibial nerve

50
Q

All the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg are supplied by what vessels?

A

Posterior tibial or fibular vessels

51
Q

The nerve and blood supplies to all of the posterior compartment of the leg run within which sub-compartment?

A

Deep

52
Q

Which muscle has two heads and muscle bellies?

A

Gastrocnemius

53
Q

What are the heads/bellies of the gastrocnemius muscle known as?

A

Medial and lateral

54
Q

The two heads of the gastrocnemius attach to what bone distally via what tendon?

A
  • Calcaneus

- Achilles (calcaneal) tendon

55
Q

What bony landmark do the heads of the gastrocnemius attach to proximally?

A

Their respective femoral condyles

56
Q

The gastrocnemius muscle crosses which two joints?

A

Knee and ankle

57
Q

What are the weak and strong actions of the gastrocnemius muscle?

A

Strong: plantar flexor of ankle
Weak: flexor of knee

58
Q

What does the soleus attach to proximally?

A

Neck of fibula and soleal line of tibia

59
Q

What does the soleus attach to distally? Via what tendon?

A

Calcaneus via Achilles tendon

60
Q

Which of the posterior leg muscles has a short belly and a long tendon?

A

Plantaris

61
Q

The plantaris muscle is absent in what % of people?

A

5-10%

62
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the plantaris?

A

Lateral supracondylar line of femur

63
Q

What does the plantaris attach to distally?

A

Calcaneus via Achilles tendon

64
Q

What are the superficial posterior leg muscles?

A

Plantaris, gastrocnemius, soleus

65
Q

What are the deep muscles of the posterior leg?

A

Popliteus, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior

66
Q

What is the function of the deep muscles of the posterior leg?

A

Plantarflex the ankles and toes

67
Q

The tibias posterior assists which other muscle with which other action?

A

Tibialis anterior with inversion of the foot

68
Q

Which is bigger, the FHL or FDL?

A

FHL

69
Q

Where does the FHL pass to and from?

A

Inferior surface of the fibular to base of distal phalanx of great toe

70
Q

Where does the FDL pass to and from?

A

Posterior surface of tibia to the bases of the distal phalanges of the lateral 4 digits

71
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the tibias posterior?

A

Interosseous membrane (posterior surface of tib and fib)

72
Q

What bones does the tibias posterior attach to distally?

A
  • Navicular
  • Cuneiforms
  • Cuboid
  • Bases of 2-4 metatarsals
73
Q

From anterior to posterior, in what order to the structures of the posterior compartment of the leg leave the compartment?

A

(Tendons of…)

  • Tibialis posterior
  • Flexor digitorum longus
  • Posterior tibial artery
  • Tibial nerve
  • Flexor hallucis longus
74
Q

When structures leave the posterior compartment of the leg, where do they pass in relation to the medial malleolus?

A

Posterior

75
Q

When structures leave the posterior compartment of the leg, where do they pass in relation to the flexor retinaculum?

A

Deep

76
Q

What is a thin, triangular muscle in the floor of the popliteal fossa?

A

Popliteus

77
Q

What is the function of the popliteal?

A

Unlock the fully extended knee joint

78
Q

Where does the popliteus attach proximally?

A

Lateral condyle of femur

79
Q

Where does the popliteus attach distally?

A

Posterior surface of tibia

80
Q

How should the patients lower limb be in order to perform the ankle jerk reflex?

A
  • Externally rotatated
  • Knee flexed
  • Ankle dorsiflexed
81
Q

What would be the normal response of the ankle jerk?

A

Involuntary contraction of the gastrocnemius and soleus so the ankle slightly plantar flexes

82
Q

A positive ankle jerk test confirms the function of what?

A
  • The muscles themselves
  • Peripheral nerve supply (tibial nerve)
  • Central connections at the spinal cord level and above

MSK- Anatomy (10 decks)

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