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MSK- Anatomy > Dissection 1- Anterior and Medial Thigh > Flashcards

Dissection 1- Anterior and Medial Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

Deep to which structure is the femoral triangle?

A

Fascia

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2
Q

Where in the thigh is the femoral triangle found?

A

Anterosuperior third

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3
Q

What is the femoral triangle inferior to?

A

Inguinal Ligament

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4
Q

What is the superior border of the femoral triangle?

A

Inguinal Ligament

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5
Q

What is the medial border of the femoral triangle?

A

Adductor Longus

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6
Q

What is the lateral border of the femoral triangle?

A

Sartorius

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7
Q

What forms the floor of the femoral triangle laterally?

A

Iliopsoas

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8
Q

What forms the floor of the femoral triangle medially?

A

Pectineus

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9
Q

What 4 features make up the roof of the femoral triangle?

A

Fascia Lata Cribiform Fascia Subcutaneous Tissue Skin

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10
Q

From lateral to medial, what are the contents of the femoral triangle?

A

Femoral nerve Femoral artery Femoral vein Femoral canal

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11
Q

What does the femoral canal contain?

A

Deep inguinal lymph nodes and adipose tissue

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12
Q

Where is the site of femoral hernia formation?

A

Femoral canal

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13
Q

What branches off the femoral vein within the femoral triangle?

A

Great saphenous vein

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14
Q

What makes up the contents of a femoral hernia?

A

Peritoneum +/- abdominal contents

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15
Q

What actually causes a femoral hernia?

A

Increased intra-abdominal pressure

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16
Q

Superficial lymphatic vessels of the lower limb follow what other anatomical structure(s)?

A

Great and small saphenous veins

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17
Q

Deep lymphatic vessels of the lower limb follow what other anatomical structure(s)?

A

Deep veins

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18
Q

Give the names of the 5 main deep veins in the lower limb?

A

Anterior/Posterior tibial vein Fibular vein Popliteal vein Profunda femoris vein Femoral vein

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19
Q

Lymph which follows the great saphenous vein will pass through which group(s) of lymph nodes to end up where?

A

Superficial inguinal nodes –> External iliac nodes

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20
Q

Can lymph pass from superficial to deep?

A

Yes

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21
Q

Lymph which follows the small saphenous vein will pass through which group(s) of lymph nodes to end up where?

A

Popliteal nodes –> Deep inguinal nodes –> External iliac nodes

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22
Q

Lymph which follows the deep veins will pass through which group(s) of lymph nodes to end up where?

A

Popliteal nodes –> Deep inguinal nodes –> External iliac nodes

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23
Q

Where will all lymph from the lower limb eventually end up?

A

External iliac nodes

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24
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Pectineus Iliopsoas Sartorius Quadriceps femoris

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25
Q

What muscles make up the quadriceps femoris?

A

Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis Vastus intermedius Vastus medialis

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26
Q

Which muscle of the anterior compartment of the thigh is a flat, quadrangular muscle?

A

Pectineus

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27
Q

The iliopsoas is the chief of what movement?

A

Flexor of the hip

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28
Q

What two muscles make up the iliopsoas?

A

Iliacus and Psoas Major

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29
Q

Which muscle of the anterior thigh compartment is a long, ribbon like muscle?

A

Sartorius

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30
Q

Which muscle is the most superficial of the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Sartorius

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31
Q

What is the main movement of the quadriceps femoris?

A

Extension of the knee

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32
Q

What are the 2 main roles of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Flexion of hip Extension of knee

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33
Q

Which compartment of the thigh do the femoral artery/vein/nerve pass through?

A

Anterior

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34
Q

What structure could a fracture of the mid-shaft of the femur damage?

A

Profunda femoris artery

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35
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the iliacus?

A

Iliac fossa

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36
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the psoas major?

A

Lumbar transverse processes and intervertebral discs

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37
Q

What is the distal attachment of the iliopsoas?

A

Lesser trochanter of femur

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38
Q

What is the action of the iliopsoas?

A

Hip flexion

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39
Q

What is the nerve supply to the iliopsoas?

A

Anterior rami of lumbar spinal nerves (L1, 2, 3)

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40
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the sartorius?

A

ASIS

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41
Q

What is the distal attachment of the sartorius?

A

Medial surface of proximal tibia

42
Q

What are the two actions of the sartorius?

A

Hip and knee flexion

43
Q

What is the nerve supply to the sartorius?

A

Femoral nerve

44
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the rectus femoris?

A

ASIS

45
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the quadriceps (with the exception of rectus femoris)?

A

Shaft of femur

46
Q

What are the distal attachments of the quadriceps femoris?

A

Patella (via quadriceps tendon) and tibial tuberosity (via patellar tendon)

47
Q

What minor movement does the rectus femoris allow?

A

Weak flexion of the hip

48
Q

What is the nerve supply to the quadriceps femoris?

A

Femoral nerve

49
Q

What is the medial compartment of the thigh also known as?

A

Adductor group

50
Q

What primarily innervates the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Obturator nerve

51
Q

What muscles are part of the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Adductor longus Adductor brevis Adductor magnus Gracilis Obturator externis

52
Q

What is the most anterior muscle in the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Adductor longus

53
Q

Where is the adductor brevis found?

A

Deep to the pectineus and adductor longus

54
Q

Which is the longest adductor muscle of the medial thigh compartment?

A

Adductor magnus

55
Q

What are the 2 parts of the adductor magnus?

A

Hamstring and adductor

56
Q

What is a long, strap like muscle, lying along the medial side of the thigh and knee?

A

Gracilis

57
Q

What is a deeply placed, fan shaped muscle in the superomedial thigh?

A

Obturator externis

58
Q

What nerve innervates the majority of the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Obturator nerve (L2-L4)

59
Q

What is the exception, not being innervated by the obturator nerve in the medial compartment of the thigh? What innervates it instead?

A

Hamstring part of the adductor magnus, innervated by the tibial nerve

60
Q

What structure do the obturator nerve/artery/vein enter the medial compartment of the thigh via?

A

Obturator foramen in the hip joint

61
Q

What two branches does the obturator nerve split into?

A

Anterior and posterior branches

62
Q

Where does the obturator nerve divide?

A

Upper border of adductor brevis

63
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the adductor longus?

A

Body of pubis

64
Q

What is the distal attachment of the adductor longus?

A

Linea aspera of femur

65
Q

What is the action of the adductor longus?

A

Hip adduction

66
Q

Where is the proximal attachment of the adductor brevis?

A

Body and inferior rami of pubis

67
Q

Where is the distal attachment of the adductor brevis?

A

Pectineal line and linea aspera of femur

68
Q

What are the major and minor roles of the adductor brevis?

A

Major = adducts hip Minor = flexes hip

69
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the adductor part of the adductor magnus?

A

Inferior rami of pubis

70
Q

What is the distal attachment of the adductor part of the adductor magnus?

A

Gluteal tuberosity and linea aspera of femur

71
Q

What is the distal attachment of the hamstring part of the adductor magnus?

A

Adductor tubercle of femur

72
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the hamstring part of the adductor magnus?

A

Ischial tuberosity

73
Q

What is the main action of the adductor magnus? What are the extra actions of both parts?

A

Hip adduction Hamstring = extension of hip Adductor = flexion of hip

74
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the gracilis?

A

Body and inferior rami of pubis

75
Q

What is the distal attachment of the gracilis?

A

Medial surface of tibia

76
Q

What are the main and minor actions of the gracilis?

A

Hip adduction and knee flexion

77
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the obturator externis?

A

Obturator foramen/membrane

78
Q

What is the distal attachment of the obturator externis?

A

Trochanter fossa of femur

79
Q

What is the action of the obturator externis?

A

Lateral rotation of hip

80
Q

What structures are enveloped by the femoral sheath?

A

Femoral artery and vein

81
Q

Where is the femoral nerve formed?

A

Lumbar plexus

82
Q

What nerve branches from the femoral nerve? Which two muscles does it pass between?

A

Saphenous nerve, between sartorius and gracilis

83
Q

What does the saphenous nerve supply sensation to?

A

Fascia and skin of the anteromedial aspects of knee and leg Medial aspect of foot

84
Q

Where does the femoral canal lie in relation to the femoral sheath?

A

Medial

85
Q

Where do the medial and lateral circumflex arteries supply blood to?

A

Head of the femur

86
Q

What are the branches of the circumflex arteries known as?

A

Retinacular branches

87
Q

Where do the retinactular branches pass in relation to the femoral neck to reach the head?

A

Superior

88
Q

Where do the medial and lateral circumflex arteries emerge from?

A

Profunda femoris artery

89
Q

Where does the inguinal ligament run between?

A

ASIS and pubic tubercle

90
Q

The inguinal canal contains what in males and what in females?

A

Males = spermatic cord Females = round ligament

91
Q

What 3 things enter the lower limb by passing deep to the inguinal ligament in the retroingiunal space?

A

Femoral vessels, nerve and iliopsoas muscle

92
Q

What two structures can the inguinal ligament be palpated between?

A

External oblique aponeurosis and fascia lata

93
Q

What 3 nerves supply sensation to the thigh?

A

Anterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh Cutaneous branch of the obturator nerve

94
Q

The anterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh is a branch of what?

A

Femoral nerve (L2-L4)

95
Q

The lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh is a branch of what?

A

Lumbosacral plexus (L2-L3)

96
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the pectineus?

A

Pectineal line of pubic bone

97
Q

What is the distal attachment of the pectineus?

A

Linea aspera and pectineal line of femur

98
Q

What innervates the pectineal muscle?

A

Femoral and obturator nerves

99
Q

What are the roles of the pectineus?

A

Flexes, internally rotates and adducts thigh

Stabilises hip

100
Q

What are the nerve root values of the femoral nerve?

A

L2-4

MSK- Anatomy (10 decks)

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