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MSK- Anatomy > Dissection 11- Shoulder Joint, Posterior Arm and Posterior Forearm > Flashcards

Dissection 11- Shoulder Joint, Posterior Arm and Posterior Forearm Flashcards

1
Q

What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?

A

Synovial ball and socket

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2
Q

What two features articulate to form the glenohumeral joint?

A

The large humeral head and the relatively small shallow cavity of the glenoid

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3
Q

What deepens the glenoid cavity?

A

Ring like, fibrocartilagenous glenoid labrum

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4
Q

What are all the articular surfaces of the glenohumeral joint covered with?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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5
Q

What holds the humeral head in place in the glenoid cavity?

A

The rotator cuff tendons

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6
Q

Where are the glenohumeral ligaments found? What do they strengthen?

A

Found only on the internal aspect of the joint capsule, to strengthen the anterior aspect of the capsule

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7
Q

Are the glenohumeral ligaments intrinsic or extrinsic?

A

Intrinsic- they are part of the fibrous layer of the joint capsule

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8
Q

Where do the coracohumeral ligaments pass to and from?

A

From the base of the coracoid process to the anterior aspect of the greater tubercle

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9
Q

What do the coracohumeral ligaments strengthen?

A

The joint capsule superiorly

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10
Q

The transverse humeral ligament runs to and from where? It converts the intertubercular sulcus into a canal for what tendon?

A

It runs from greater to lesser tubercle. It converts the sulcus into a canal for the tendon of the long head of biceps brachii

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11
Q

Where does the coracoacromial ligament pass to and from? The coracoacromial arch lies over this structure to prevent what movement?

A

Passes from acromion to the coracoid process of the scapula. The acromial arch prevents superior dislocation of the humeral head.

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12
Q

The subacromial bursa is located inferior to what?

A

Acromion, coracoacriomial ligament and deltoid

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13
Q

The subacromial bursa is located superior to what?

A

Supraspinatus tendon and glenohumeral joint capsule

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14
Q

The subacromial bursa facilitates what movements?

A

The supraspinatus tendon under the coracoacromial arch, and the deltoid over the joint capsule and greater tubercle of humerus

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15
Q

What type of shoulder dislocation is most common?

A

Anterior

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16
Q

Anterior and posterior shoulder dislocations indicate the direction of the humeral head movement in relation to what?

A

Infraglenoid tubercle and long head of triceps

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17
Q

Anterior shoulder dislocations are most common in young people. How do these occur?

A

Excessive extension and lateral rotation of the humerus

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18
Q

What structure may be injured when the shoulder joint dislocates?

A

Axillary nerve

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19
Q

The axillary nerve is found in the quadrangular space. What structures are found superior, inferior, medial and lateral to this?

A

Superior- teres minor
Inferior- teres major
Medial- long head of triceps
Lateral- humerus

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20
Q

What muscles does the axillary nerve supply?

A

Deltoid and teres minor

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21
Q

What nerve innervates the badge patch area?

A

Axillary nerve

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22
Q

How do you test the function of the axillary nerve?

A

Sensory- assessment of sensation in the badge patch area

Motor- abduction of the upper limb beyond 15 degrees

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23
Q

What are the nerve root values of the axillary nerve?

A

C5/6

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24
Q

What articulations make up the elbow joint?

A

The trochlea and capitellum of the humerus articulate with the trochlear notch of the ulna and the superior aspect of the head of the radius

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25
Q

Where does the lateral radial collateral ligament extend to and from?

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus to blend with the anular ligament of the radius

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26
Q

What is the function of the anular ligament of the radius?

A

Holds the head of the radius in the radial notch of ulna to form the proximal radioulnar joint

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27
Q

Where des the medial ulnar collateral ligament extend to and from?

A

Medial epicondyle of humerus to the coronoid process and olecranon of ulna

28
Q

Which band of the medial ulnar collateral ligament is the strongest?

A

Anterior band

29
Q

What type of joint is the elbow joint?

A

Synovial hinge joint

30
Q

What type of joint are the proximal and distal radioulnar joints?

A

Synovial pivot joints

31
Q

What movement occurs at the distal radioulnar joint?

A

The radius moves around the relatively fixed distal end of the ulna

32
Q

What articulation occurs at the distal radioulnar joint?

A

The head of the ulna articulates with the ulnar notch on the medial side of the radius

33
Q

What injury can occur when children fall on their hands with their elbows flexed, or from hyperextension of the elbow?

A

Posterior dislocation of the elbow joint

34
Q

Injury to what structure may occur with a posterior dislocation of the elbow?

A

Ulnar nerve

35
Q

What injury is common in preschool children, especially girls when the child is suddenly lifted by the upper limb when the forearm is pronated?

A

Subluxation/dislocation of the radial head

36
Q

What muscle makes up the posterior compartment of the arm?

A

Triceps brachii

37
Q

What is the innervation of the triceps brachii?

A

Radial nerve

38
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the long head of triceps brachii?

A

Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

39
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the lateral head of triceps brachii?

A

Superior to the radial groove of humerus

40
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the medial head of triceps brachii?

A

Inferior to the radial groove of humerus

41
Q

What is the distal attachment of the triceps tendon?

A

Olecranon process of ulna

42
Q

What are the actions of the triceps brachii?

A

Weak extension of the arm at the shoulder joint, chief extensor of the forearm at the elbow joint

43
Q

In the cubital fossa, what does the radial nerve divide into?

A

Superficial and deep branches

44
Q

What gives the main arterial supply to the arm?

A

Brachial artery

45
Q

Where does the brachial artery lie in relation to the triceps brachii?

A

Anterior

46
Q

What is the main branch of the brachial artery? What aspect does it arise from?

A

Profunda brachii artery from the medial aspect of the brachial artery

47
Q

What is the sensory innervation to the medial aspect of the posterior arm?

A

Anterior rami of spinal nerves C8, T1, T2

48
Q

Why is the medial aspect of the posterior arm a site of cardiac referred pain?

A

Via the intercostobrachial nerve, medial and posterior cutaneous nerves of arm and posterior cutaneous nerve of forearm

49
Q

What is the sensory innervation to the lateral aspect of the posterior arm?

A

Anterior rami of C5/6 via the axillary nerve

50
Q

What is the function of the muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Extension

51
Q

What is the nerve supply to the muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Deep branch of radial nerve

52
Q

Which muscles of the posterior compartment of forearm are involved in extension, adduction and abduction of the wrist? Which are responsible for adduction? Which are responsible for abduction?

A

Extensor carpiradialis longus (ABD), extensor carpiradialis brevis (ABD), extensor carpi ulnaris (ADD)- they all extend

53
Q

What muscles of the posterior compartment of forearm are involved in extension of the fingers? What role do all of these muscles also have?

A

Extensor digitorum, extensor indicis, extensor digiti minimi- they also extend the wrist

54
Q

What two groups of posterior forearm compartment muscles make up the superficial layer?

A

Muscles which are involved in extension, adduction and abduction of the wrist and those which extend the fingers

55
Q

Where do muscles of the superficial layer of the posterior forearm compartment attach proximally?

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

56
Q

What muscles of the posterior compartment of forearm are involved in extension and abduction of the thumb?

A

Abductor pollicis brevis (BOTH), abductor pollicis longus (BOTH), extensor pollicis longus (EXT ONLY)

57
Q

What two groups of posterior forearm compartment muscles make up the deep layer?

A

Those which allow extension and abduction of the thumb, and supinators of the forearm

58
Q

Where do muscles of the deep layer of the posterior forearm compartment attach proximally?

A

Shafts of the radius and ulna and the interosseous membrane

59
Q

The tendons of posterior forearm compartment muscles are held together at the wrist by what?

A

Extensor retinaculum

60
Q

Why is the brachioradialis classed as a posterior forearm muscle?

A

It is supplied by the radial nerve

61
Q

Where is the brachioradialis muscle located?

A

Between the posterior and anterior forearm compartments

62
Q

What is the function of the brachioradialis muscle?

A

Flexion of the semi-pronated forearm

63
Q

What is the main arterial supply to the posterior forearm compartment?

A

Posterior interosseous artery

64
Q

The posterior interosseous artery is a branch of what?

A

Ulnar artery

65
Q

What muscle has the role of extension of the wrist and extension of the lateral 4 digits?

A

Extensor digitorum

66
Q

What muscle has the roles of extension of the wrist and the little finger?

A

Extensor digiti minimi

67
Q

What muscle has the roles of extension of the wrist and index finger?

A

Extensor indicis

MSK- Anatomy (10 decks)

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