Dissection 2- Gluteal Region Flashcards
What does the gluteal region lie between?
The back and posterior thigh
What is the gluteal region posterior to?
Pelvis
What binds the gluteal region superiorly?
Iliac crests
What binds the gluteal region inferiorly?
Gluteal fold/sulcus
What is the name of the space between the buttocks?
Intergluteal cleft
What marks the lateral extent of the gluteal region?
Greater trochanter of femur
What two lines mark the quadrants of the gluteal region?
Greater trochanter to PSIS
Midpoint of iliac crest and down
What muscles make up the superior gluteal region?
Gluteus maximus, minimus and medius
What is the most superficial muscle in the superficial gluteal muscle group?
Gluteus maximus
What is the largest muscle in the superficial gluteal muscle group?
Gluteus maximus
What 4 structures does the gluteus maximus attach to proximally?
Iliac crest
Sacrum
Coccyx
Sacrotuberous ligament
Where does the gluteus maximus attach distally?
Iliotibial tract
Where do some stray fibres of the gluteus maximus attach distally if not to the normal location?
Gluteal tuberosity of the femur
The gluteus maximus is the most powerful muscle at what movement?
Extension of the hip
Which of the gluteal muscles helps to define the gluteal fold?
Gluteus maximus
Where do the gluteus minimus and medius attach proximally?
External surface of the ilium
Where does the gluteus minimus attach distally?
Anterior surface of the greater trochanter of femur
Where does the gluteus medius attach distally?
Lateral surface of the greater trochanter of femur
What two movements do the gluteus medius and minimus allow?
Abduct and internally rotate hip
What is the nerve supply to the gluteus medius and minimus?
Superior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)
Damage to what nerve results in a positive Trendelenberg Test?
Superior gluteal nerve
The inferior gluteal NVB is associated with what muscle? Where does it lie in relation to this muscle?
Gluteus maximus- lies deep
What nerve supplies the gluteus maximus?
Inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)
The superior gluteal NVB is associated with which muscles? Which muscle does it lie deep to?
Gluteus minimus and medius
Lies deep to the gluteus medius
What muscles make up the deep gluteal muscle group?
Obturator interim
Inferior and superior Gemelli
Pifiromis
Quadratus femoris
What are the two roles of the deep gluteal muscles?
External rotation of the hip
Stabilisation of the hip
The deep gluteal muscles run in strips from medial to lateral. Where do most of them attach at the lateral end?
Greater trochanter of femur
What are the nerve root values of the sciatic nerve?
L4-S3
Where is the sciatic nerve formed?
Lumbo-sacral plexus
Where in the gluteal region does the sciatic nerve pass?
The middle
Which compartment of the thigh does the sciatic nerve enter?
Posterior
The sciatic nerve branches through the popliteal fossa into which compartments of the leg?
Posterior and lateral
What is the largest nerve in the body?
Sciatic nerve
Slipped discs pressing on the sciatic nerve cause what?
Sciatica
What are the nerve root values of the pudenal nerve?
S2-S4
Where is the pudenal nerve formed?
Sacral plexus
Where in the gluteal region does the pudenal nerve pass?
Middle
What does the pudenal nerve supply?
Muscles, skin and fascia of much of the perineum
When is a pudenal nerve block used?
For obstetric procedures
What are the nerve root values of the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh?
S1-S3
Where is the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh formed?
Sacral plexus
Where in the gluteal region does the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh pass?
Middle
What does the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh supply?
Skin over the posterior aspect of the thigh
The posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh is a somatic nerve. What fibres does it contain?
Sensory and sympathetic
Which gluteal quadrant must intra-gluteal injections go in to? What structure is this in order to avoid?
Superolateral quadrant
Sciatic nerve
What structure should be identified in order to perform a lumbar puncture?
Iliac crests
Where does the spinal cord end in adults?
L1/2
What spinal level should a lumbar puncture be inserted?
L3/4
What is the conus medullaris?
The terminal spinal cord
What is the iliotibial tract?
A thickening of deep fascia of the thigh
What is the deep fascia of the thigh known as?
Fascia lata
Where does the iliotibial tract run to and from?
ASIS to the lateral aspect of the lateral tibial condyle
What joint does the iliotibial tract support?
Knee
What is the muscle part of the fascia lata known as?
Tensor fascia latae
What part of the iliotibial tract would you find the tensor fascia latae in?
Proximal part
