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Erwin Personal Flash Cards > Diseases Of Immunity > Flashcards

Diseases Of Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

Type 1 Hypersensitivity

A

Immediate hypersensitivity/ anaphylactic hypersensitivity

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2
Q

Occurs when allergens bind to IgE surface on surface of mast cells with consequent release of several mediators.

A

Type 1/ immediate hypersensitivity

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3
Q

Begins when an antigen induces formation of IgE antibody

A

Type 1/ Immediate Hypersensitivity

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4
Q

When Antigen binds firmly to Fc portion to receptors on the surface of Basophils and mast cells

A

Type 1/ Immediate Hypersensitivity

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5
Q

What test? Histamine-mediated wheal-and-flare reaction.

For Type 1 Hypersensitivity.

A

Scratch Test

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6
Q

Test for Type 1 hypersensitivity taht uses specific IgE antibodies in serum

A

Radioallergosorbent Test (RAST)

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7
Q

Drug of choice for systemic anaphylaxis

A

Epinephrine

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8
Q

Type 1 hypersensitivity that presents with vascular shock, widespread edema, and dyspnea

A

Systemic anaphylaxis

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9
Q

Type 1 hypersensitivity with strong familial predisposition, presenting with urticaria, angioedema, allergic rhinitis, BA, and atopic dermatitis.

A

Atopic hypersensitivity

Treatment: antihistamines

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10
Q

Diagnostic test for drug hypersensitivity to penicillin

A

Penicilloyl polylysine skin test

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11
Q

Treatment of type 1 drug hypersensitivity

A

Avoidance, drug substitution, desensitization

Penicillin to Macrolide

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12
Q

Occurs when antibody directed at antigens of the cell membrane activates complement, generating MAC.

A

Type II Hypersensitivity/ Cytotoxic hypersensitivity

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13
Q

Pathophysiology of type II hypersensitivity

A

Opsonization and phagocytosis
Inflammation
Cellular dysfunction

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14
Q

Opsonin specific Ig type

A

IgG

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15
Q

Lab evaluation that detects IgG or C3b attached to RBCs

A

Direct Coomb’s Test

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16
Q

Laboratory evaluation tat detects antibodies in serum

A

Indirect Coombs Test

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17
Q

Type II hypersensitivity caused by drugs attaching to RBC surface, initiating AB formation (hapten formation) causing hemolysis.

A

Drug-induced hemolysis

Tx: corticosteroids

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18
Q

Type 2 hypersensitivity where pathogen induces formation of ABs that cross react with RBCs (Mycoplasma pneumoniae)

A

Infection-related hemolysis

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19
Q

Type 2 Hypersensitivity

AB’s against M protein cross react with cardiac tissue.

A

Acute rheumatic fever

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20
Q

Etiology of Acute rheumatic fever

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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21
Q

Treatment of Acute rheumatic

A

Aspirin

Penicillin

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22
Q

Type 2 hypersensitivity

ABs against basement membrane of kidney and lungs causing pulmonary hemorrhage and hematuria

A

Goodpasteure’s Syndrome

Tx: plasmapheresis, corticosteroids

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23
Q

Type 2 hypersensitivity
ABs react to TSH receptors, stimulate the thyroid gland
Exophthalmos, hyperthyroidism, pretibial myxedema

A

Grave’s disease

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24
Q

Type 2 hypersensitivity
Antibodies react to nicotinic Ach receptor inhibiting acetylcholine binding. Presents with fluctuating muscle weakness, paralysis.

A

Myasthenia gravis

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25
DOC for Myasthenia Gravis
Neostigmine
26
Drug used to test for myasthenia gravis
Endrophonium
27
Drug used for long term control of myasthenia gravis
Physostigmine
28
Type of hypersensitivity where immune complex are composed of antigen-antibody complexes whose persistence and deposition in tissues activate the complement system and attract PMNs
Type 3/ Immune complex hypersensitivity
29
Pathophysiology of Type 3 hypersensitivity
Immune complex formation Immune complex deposition Inflammation and tissue injury
30
Autoantibodies specific for SLE
ANA and antidsDNA
31
Autoantibodies specific for Drug-induced lupus
Anti-histone
32
Autoantibodies specific for mixed connective tissue disease
Anti-RNP
33
Autoantibodies specific for CREST
Anti-centromere
34
Components of CREST syndrome
``` Calcinosis Reynaud's phenomenon Esophageal dysmotility Scleroductyly Telangectasia ```
35
Autoantibodies specific for Diffuse Scleroderma
Anti-Scl-70
36
Autoantibodies specific for Sjogren Syndrome
Anti-SS-A
37
Autoantibodies specific for Primary biliary cirrhosis
Anti-mitochondrial
38
Clinical manifestation of Sjogren syndrome
Keratoconjuntivitis sicca Xerostomia Arthritis
39
Type 3 hypersensitivity with localized deposition of ICs which may lead to fibrinoid necrosis. May present with hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
Arthus Reaction Tx: Corticosteroids
40
Systemic anaphylaxis Atopic hypersensitivity Drug hypersensitivity
Examples of Type 1 Hypersensitivity
41
``` Drug-induced hemolysis Infection related hemolysis Acute rheumatic fever Goodpasteure's syndrome Graves disease Myasthenia gravis ```
Examples of Type 2 hypersensitivity
42
Arthus reaction Serum sickness PSGN IgA nephropathy
Examples of type 3 hypersensitivity
43
Type 3 reaction with IC deposition in the glomerulus, preceded by skin infection with Streptococcus pyogenes.
Post-Streptococcal Glumerulonephritis
44
Most common glumerulonephritis world wide
IgA nephropathy
45
Type 3 hypersensitivity with deposition of IgA on glomerulous with progressive kidne failure
IgA nephropathy
46
A delayed reaction of sensitized T lymphocytes activating macrophages causing inflammation. May lead to granuloma formation
Type IV hypersensitivity/ cell-mediated hypersensitivity
47
``` Contact dermatitis Guillain-Barre syndrome Type 1 DM Inflammatory bowel disease Multiple sclerosis Chronic transplant rejection Hashimoto's thyroiditis ```
Examples of type 4 hypersensitivity
48
Type 4 hypersensitivity | Demyelinating neuropathy associated with Campylobacter jejuni, presenting with ascending neuromuscular paralysis
Guillain-barre syndrome
49
Most common cause of AGE in the US
Campylobacter jejuni
50
Type 4 hypersensitivity | Dysregulation of immune response against luminal bacteria
Inflammatory bowel diseas (crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis)
51
Presence of anti-MBP antibodies that destroy myelins sheaths and oligodendrocytes leading to neurologic deficits at multiple sites, and optic neuritis
Multiple sclerosis
52
Most common cause of hypothyroidism
Hashimoto's thyroiditis
53
Sensitized T cells trigger formation of anti-TPO and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies. Initial hyperthyroidism followed by hypothyroidism
Hashimoto's thyroiditis
54
Most common and severe form of kidney injury in SLE
Diffuse proliferative (Class IV) 35-60% ``` Minmal mesangial (class I) Medangial proliferative (class II) Focal proliferative (class III) Membranous (class V) ```
55
Drugs associated with drug induced Lupus
Hydralazine Isoniazid Procainamide Penicillamine
56
Earliest histologic finding in Sjogren Syndrome
Peridcutal and perivascular lymphocytic infiltration of lacrimal and salivary glands
57
Drugs us d to treat Sjogren syndrome
Corticosteroids Artificial tears Pilocarpine
58
Most common cause of death in patients with scleroderma
Renal failure (50%)
59
Alimentary tract change in Scleroderma
Rubber hose flexibility (lower 2/3 of esophagus | Loss of villi and microvilli l/t malabsorption
60
Graft. Self-self
Autograft
61
Graft. Between identical twins
Synergeic graft (isograft)
62
Graft between different individuals of the same species
Allograft/ Homeotransplant
63
Graft between different species
Xenograft
64
Virtual absence of B cells due to tyrosine kinase mutation l/t very low levels of all Immunoglobulins
X-linked Hypogammaglobulinemia | Bruton's Agammaglobulinemia
65
Treatment of Bruton's Agammaglobulinemia
Pooled gamma globulin
66
Mechanism of selective IgA deficiency
Failure of isotype switching
67
Most common form of severe antibody deficiency. There is a defect in B-cell maturation to plasma cells.
Common Variable Immunodeficiency Tx: pooled gamma globulin
68
Profound T cell deficit /t failure of thymus and parathyroid development
DiGeorge Syndrome
69
Di George syndrome treatment
Transplant of fetal thymus
70
Specific T-cell deficiency for Candida Albicans
Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis
71
Immune response that results in exaggerated or inappropriate reactions that are harmful to the host. Occurs typically after sensitization.
Hypersensitivity

Erwin Personal Flash Cards (16 decks)

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