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Erwin Personal Flash Cards > Diseases Of Immunity > Flashcards

Diseases Of Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

Type 1 Hypersensitivity

A

Immediate hypersensitivity/ anaphylactic hypersensitivity

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2
Q

Occurs when allergens bind to IgE surface on surface of mast cells with consequent release of several mediators.

A

Type 1/ immediate hypersensitivity

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3
Q

Begins when an antigen induces formation of IgE antibody

A

Type 1/ Immediate Hypersensitivity

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4
Q

When Antigen binds firmly to Fc portion to receptors on the surface of Basophils and mast cells

A

Type 1/ Immediate Hypersensitivity

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5
Q

What test? Histamine-mediated wheal-and-flare reaction.

For Type 1 Hypersensitivity.

A

Scratch Test

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6
Q

Test for Type 1 hypersensitivity taht uses specific IgE antibodies in serum

A

Radioallergosorbent Test (RAST)

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7
Q

Drug of choice for systemic anaphylaxis

A

Epinephrine

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8
Q

Type 1 hypersensitivity that presents with vascular shock, widespread edema, and dyspnea

A

Systemic anaphylaxis

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9
Q

Type 1 hypersensitivity with strong familial predisposition, presenting with urticaria, angioedema, allergic rhinitis, BA, and atopic dermatitis.

A

Atopic hypersensitivity

Treatment: antihistamines

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10
Q

Diagnostic test for drug hypersensitivity to penicillin

A

Penicilloyl polylysine skin test

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11
Q

Treatment of type 1 drug hypersensitivity

A

Avoidance, drug substitution, desensitization

Penicillin to Macrolide

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12
Q

Occurs when antibody directed at antigens of the cell membrane activates complement, generating MAC.

A

Type II Hypersensitivity/ Cytotoxic hypersensitivity

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13
Q

Pathophysiology of type II hypersensitivity

A

Opsonization and phagocytosis
Inflammation
Cellular dysfunction

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14
Q

Opsonin specific Ig type

A

IgG

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15
Q

Lab evaluation that detects IgG or C3b attached to RBCs

A

Direct Coomb’s Test

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16
Q

Laboratory evaluation tat detects antibodies in serum

A

Indirect Coombs Test

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17
Q

Type II hypersensitivity caused by drugs attaching to RBC surface, initiating AB formation (hapten formation) causing hemolysis.

A

Drug-induced hemolysis

Tx: corticosteroids

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18
Q

Type 2 hypersensitivity where pathogen induces formation of ABs that cross react with RBCs (Mycoplasma pneumoniae)

A

Infection-related hemolysis

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19
Q

Type 2 Hypersensitivity

AB’s against M protein cross react with cardiac tissue.

A

Acute rheumatic fever

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20
Q

Etiology of Acute rheumatic fever

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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21
Q

Treatment of Acute rheumatic

A

Aspirin

Penicillin

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22
Q

Type 2 hypersensitivity

ABs against basement membrane of kidney and lungs causing pulmonary hemorrhage and hematuria

A

Goodpasteure’s Syndrome

Tx: plasmapheresis, corticosteroids

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23
Q

Type 2 hypersensitivity
ABs react to TSH receptors, stimulate the thyroid gland
Exophthalmos, hyperthyroidism, pretibial myxedema

A

Grave’s disease

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24
Q

Type 2 hypersensitivity
Antibodies react to nicotinic Ach receptor inhibiting acetylcholine binding. Presents with fluctuating muscle weakness, paralysis.

A

Myasthenia gravis

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25
Q

DOC for Myasthenia Gravis

A

Neostigmine

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26
Q

Drug used to test for myasthenia gravis

A

Endrophonium

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27
Q

Drug used for long term control of myasthenia gravis

A

Physostigmine

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28
Q

Type of hypersensitivity where immune complex are composed of antigen-antibody complexes whose persistence and deposition in tissues activate the complement system and attract PMNs

A

Type 3/ Immune complex hypersensitivity

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29
Q

Pathophysiology of Type 3 hypersensitivity

A

Immune complex formation
Immune complex deposition
Inflammation and tissue injury

30
Q

Autoantibodies specific for SLE

A

ANA and antidsDNA

31
Q

Autoantibodies specific for Drug-induced lupus

A

Anti-histone

32
Q

Autoantibodies specific for mixed connective tissue disease

A

Anti-RNP

33
Q

Autoantibodies specific for CREST

A

Anti-centromere

34
Q

Components of CREST syndrome

A 
Calcinosis
Reynaud's phenomenon
Esophageal dysmotility
Scleroductyly
Telangectasia
35
Q

Autoantibodies specific for Diffuse Scleroderma

A

Anti-Scl-70

36
Q

Autoantibodies specific for Sjogren Syndrome

A

Anti-SS-A

37
Q

Autoantibodies specific for Primary biliary cirrhosis

A

Anti-mitochondrial

38
Q

Clinical manifestation of Sjogren syndrome

A

Keratoconjuntivitis sicca
Xerostomia
Arthritis

39
Q

Type 3 hypersensitivity with localized deposition of ICs which may lead to fibrinoid necrosis.
May present with hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

A

Arthus Reaction

Tx: Corticosteroids

40
Q

Systemic anaphylaxis
Atopic hypersensitivity
Drug hypersensitivity

A

Examples of Type 1 Hypersensitivity

41
Q 
Drug-induced hemolysis
Infection related hemolysis 
Acute rheumatic fever
Goodpasteure's syndrome
Graves disease
Myasthenia gravis
A

Examples of Type 2 hypersensitivity

42
Q

Arthus reaction
Serum sickness
PSGN
IgA nephropathy

A

Examples of type 3 hypersensitivity

43
Q

Type 3 reaction with IC deposition in the glomerulus, preceded by skin infection with Streptococcus pyogenes.

A

Post-Streptococcal Glumerulonephritis

44
Q

Most common glumerulonephritis world wide

A

IgA nephropathy

45
Q

Type 3 hypersensitivity with deposition of IgA on glomerulous with progressive kidne failure

A

IgA nephropathy

46
Q

A delayed reaction of sensitized T lymphocytes activating macrophages causing inflammation. May lead to granuloma formation

A

Type IV hypersensitivity/ cell-mediated hypersensitivity

47
Q 
Contact dermatitis
Guillain-Barre syndrome
Type 1 DM
Inflammatory bowel disease
Multiple sclerosis
Chronic transplant rejection
Hashimoto's thyroiditis
A

Examples of type 4 hypersensitivity

48
Q

Type 4 hypersensitivity

Demyelinating neuropathy associated with Campylobacter jejuni, presenting with ascending neuromuscular paralysis

A

Guillain-barre syndrome

49
Q

Most common cause of AGE in the US

A

Campylobacter jejuni

50
Q

Type 4 hypersensitivity

Dysregulation of immune response against luminal bacteria

A

Inflammatory bowel diseas (crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis)

51
Q

Presence of anti-MBP antibodies that destroy myelins sheaths and oligodendrocytes leading to neurologic deficits at multiple sites, and optic neuritis

A

Multiple sclerosis

52
Q

Most common cause of hypothyroidism

A

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

53
Q

Sensitized T cells trigger formation of anti-TPO and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies.
Initial hyperthyroidism followed by hypothyroidism

A

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

54
Q

Most common and severe form of kidney injury in SLE

A

Diffuse proliferative (Class IV) 35-60%

Minmal mesangial (class I)
Medangial proliferative (class II)
Focal proliferative (class III)
Membranous (class V)
55
Q

Drugs associated with drug induced Lupus

A

Hydralazine
Isoniazid
Procainamide
Penicillamine

56
Q

Earliest histologic finding in Sjogren Syndrome

A

Peridcutal and perivascular lymphocytic infiltration of lacrimal and salivary glands

57
Q

Drugs us d to treat Sjogren syndrome

A

Corticosteroids
Artificial tears
Pilocarpine

58
Q

Most common cause of death in patients with scleroderma

A

Renal failure (50%)

59
Q

Alimentary tract change in Scleroderma

A

Rubber hose flexibility (lower 2/3 of esophagus

Loss of villi and microvilli l/t malabsorption

60
Q

Graft. Self-self

A

Autograft

61
Q

Graft. Between identical twins

A

Synergeic graft (isograft)

62
Q

Graft between different individuals of the same species

A

Allograft/ Homeotransplant

63
Q

Graft between different species

A

Xenograft

64
Q

Virtual absence of B cells due to tyrosine kinase mutation l/t very low levels of all Immunoglobulins

A

X-linked Hypogammaglobulinemia

Bruton’s Agammaglobulinemia

65
Q

Treatment of Bruton’s Agammaglobulinemia

A

Pooled gamma globulin

66
Q

Mechanism of selective IgA deficiency

A

Failure of isotype switching

67
Q

Most common form of severe antibody deficiency. There is a defect in B-cell maturation to plasma cells.

A

Common Variable Immunodeficiency

Tx: pooled gamma globulin

68
Q

Profound T cell deficit /t failure of thymus and parathyroid development

A

DiGeorge Syndrome

69
Q

Di George syndrome treatment

A

Transplant of fetal thymus

70
Q

Specific T-cell deficiency for Candida Albicans

A

Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis

71
Q

Immune response that results in exaggerated or inappropriate reactions that are harmful to the host. Occurs typically after sensitization.

A

Hypersensitivity

Erwin Personal Flash Cards (16 decks)

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