Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Erwin Personal Flash Cards > Central Nervous System > Flashcards

Central Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Enlargement of the entire ventricular system

A

Communicating hydrocephalus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Normal pressure hydrocephalus

Dilation of the ventricular system with a compensatory increas in CSF volume

A

Hydrocephalus Ex Vacuo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Dictates that any increase in volume of cranial constituents must be compensated by a decrease in volume of another

A

Monroe-Kellie Doctrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Unilateral expansion of a cerebral hemisphere displaces the cingulate gyrus under the falx ceribiri leading to compression of the branches of the anterior cerebral artery

A

Subfalcine (cingulate) herniation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Medial temporal lobe compressed against free margin of tentorium leading to CNIII and posterior cerebral artery compression

A

Transtentorial herniation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hemorrhagic lesions in midbrain and pons occurring during transtentorial herniation

A

Duret hemorrhages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Life-threatening herniation that causes brainstem compression which compromises vital respiratory and cardiac centers in the medulla oblongata

A

Tonsillar herniation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Neural tube defect with diverticulum of malformed tissue extending through a defect in the cranium

A

Encephalocele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Failure of closure of posterior neuropore causing asymptomatic bony defect or sever cord malformation with meningocele

A

Spina bifida (aka spinal dysraphism)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Extension of CNS tissue through a defect in the vertebral column

A

Myelomeningocele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Absence of the brain and calvarium. There is a flattt ned remnant of disorganized brain tissue (area cerbrovasculosa)

A

Anencephaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Non-progressive neurologic deficit attributable to hypoxic insults during the prenatal and perinatal periods

A

Cerebral palsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cord malformation associated with Chiari I malformation

A

Syingobulbia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Formation of fluid-filled cleft-like cavity in the inner portion of the cord

A

Syringomyelia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Fluid-filled cavity that extends from cord to brainstem

A

Syringobulbia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Thinning out of gyri due to cortical ischemia

A

Ulegyria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Marbolization of deep nuclei due to ischemia & gliosis

A

Status marmoratus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Supratentorial periventricular white matter infarct with chalky yellow plaques

A

Perivetricular leukomalacia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cystic infarcted lesions in the brain. Multiple cavities traversed by a web of delicate glial strands.

A

Multicystic encephalopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Acceleration-deceleration injury at the site of impact

A

Coup injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Acceleration-deceleration injury opposite the site of impact

A

Countercoup injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Parenchymal brain injury with pericapillary edema and extravasation

A

Contusions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Parenchymal brain injury, depressed retracted yellow brown patches involving the crests of gyri (placque jaune)

A

Old traumatic lesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Wide asymmetric axonal swelling with gliosis and degeneration

A

Diffuse axonal injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Arterial bleed which creates a blood-filled space between the bone and dura. Lenticular on CT-scan. Manifests wi lucid interval and rapid deterioration

A

Epidural hematoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Fracture of the pterion will lead to severance of this artery

A

Middel meningeal artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Venous bleeding between the dura and arachnoid membranes. Crescent-shaped on CT-scan. Delayed presentation with fluctuating levels of consciousness.

A

Subdural hematoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Outcome of severe hypotensive episode. Poor demarcation between gray and white matter. Microvacuolization and eosinophilia with reactive gliosis

A

Global cerebral ischemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Focal cerebral ischemia with r d neurons, reactive gliosis, and liquefactive necrosis

A

White infarct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Parallel white infarcts but with extravasation and resorption of blood found in focal cerebral ischemia

A

Red infarcts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Development if small cavitary infarcts which resemble lace-like spaces in hypertensive cerebrovascular disease

A

Lacunar infarct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Common site of lacunar infarct in hypertensive cerebrovascular diseases

A

Lenticular nucleus (putamen and globus pallidus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Rupture of small-caliber penetrating vessels that leaves behind slitlike cavity

A

Slit hemorrhages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Necrosisin a band-like pattern, with a relative preservation of cells immediately adjacent to the meninges

A

Pseudolaminar necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Characterizes hypertensive encephalopathy

A 
Diffuse cerebral dysfunction
Headache
Confusion
Vomiting
Convulsions
36
Q

Hypertensive CVD complication with preferential involvement of large areas of the subcortical whit matter with myelin and axon loss

A

Binswanger syndrome

37
Q

Hypertensive CVD complication that causes dementia, gait abnormalities and pseudobulbar signs, often with superimposed neurologic deficits

A

Vascular dementia

38
Q

The most common cause of spontaneous non-traumatic intraparenchymal hemorrhages

A

Hypertension

39
Q

Minute aneurysms of the basal ganglia that develop in hypertension

A

Charcot-Bouchard microaneurysms

40
Q

2nd most common cause of spontaneous non traumatic intraparenchymal hemorrhages

A

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy

41
Q

Most frequent cause of clinically significant subarachnoid henorrhage

A

Intracranial aneurysms (most common type SACCULAR ANEURYSM)

42
Q

Most common type of intracranial aneurysm

A

Saccular aneurysm

43
Q

Yellowish CSF from ruptured intracranial aneurysm

A

Xanthochromia

44
Q

Discrete lesions in the brain with liquefactive necrosis surrounded by fibrosis and swelling

A

Brain abscess

45
Q

Manifestation of tertiary syphilis

A

Neurosyphilis

46
Q

Etiology of syphilis

A

Treponema pallidum

47
Q

Obliterative gelatinous of fibrinous exudate at the basal forebrain with well formed granulomas with caseous necrosis and giant cells

A

TB meningitis

48
Q

Obstructive hydrocephalus with soap bubble appearance, gelatinous material within the subarachnoid space and small cysts

A

Cryptococcal meningitis

49
Q

Brain abscess with central foci of necrosis surrounded by tachyzoites and bradyzoites. Ct-scan show ring enhancing lesions

A

Toxoplasmosis

50
Q

Spongiform transformation of the cerebral cortex and deep gray matter

A

Creutzfelt Jakob Disease

51
Q

Severe neuronal loss, reactive gliosis and cystlike expansionin CJD

A

Status spongiosus

52
Q

Autoimmune demyelinating disorder with distinct episodes of neurologic deficits separated in time attributable to white matter lesions that are separated in space

A

Multiple sclerosis

53
Q

Most common demyelinating disease

A

Multiple sclerosis

54
Q

Most common presentation of multiple sclerosis

A

Optic neuritis

55
Q

Most common cause of dementia

A

Alzheimer’s disease

56
Q

Early onset dementia is found in patients with

A

Down syndrome

57
Q

Found in alzheimers. Depletion of cholinergic neurons in __________

A

Nucleus basalis of meynert

58
Q

Composed of tau protein found in alzheimers

A

Neurofibrillary tangles

59
Q

Consists of paracrystalline arrays of beaded actin filaments

A

Hurano bodies

60
Q

Composed of AB amyloid found in alzheimers

A

Neuritic (senile) plaques

61
Q

Deterioration of language and changes in mood. Atrophy of frontal and temporal lobes.

A

Frontotemporal dementia

62
Q

Early onset behavioral changes with wafer-thin gyri (knife-edge appearance) pick bodies

A

Pick disease

63
Q

Pallor of substantia nigra, lewy bodies (a-synuclein)

A

Parkinson’s disease

64
Q

Prototype trinucleotide repeat disease (CAG repeats)

A

Hintington disease

65
Q

Presents with progressive movement disorders (chorea) and dementia. Atrophy of the caudate nucleus

A

Huntington disease

66
Q

Loss of lower motor neurons in spinal cord and brainstem. Caused by mutation in SOD1 gene in chromosome 21

A

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

67
Q

PAS-positive cytoplasmic inclusions found in ALS

A

Bunina bodies

68
Q

Presents ieth psychitic symptoms reversible with thiamine administration

A

Wernicke encephalopathy

69
Q

Presents with memory disturbance and confabulation which is prolonged and largely irreversible

A

Korsakoff syndrome

70
Q

Pathologic finding of wernicke encephalopathy

A

Hemorrhages and necrosis of the mammillary bodies

71
Q

Thiamine deficiency associated with hemosiderin laden macrophages in cystic spaces of the dorsomedian nucleus of the thalamus

A

Korsakoff syndrome

72
Q

Common location of primary brain tumor in adults

A

Supratentorial (70%)

73
Q

Common location of primary brain tumor in children

A

Infratentorial (70%)

74
Q

Most common supratentorial primary brain tumor in adults

A

Glioblastoma multforme

75
Q

Most common infratentorial primary brain tumor in children

A

Cystic cerebellar astrocytoma

76
Q

70% of ALL neuroglial tumors usually involves frontal lobe in adults and cerebellum in children

A

Astrocyoma

77
Q

A high grade astrocytoma with pseudo-palisading pattern of tumor cells

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

78
Q

CNS tumor with loose microcystic pattern with bipolar cells and rosenthal fibers

A

Pilocytic astorcytoma

79
Q

CNS tumor with cytoplasmic halos and perineural satellitosis

A

Oligodendriglioma

80
Q

Benign CNS tumor derived from ependymal cells. Characterized by PERIVASCULAR PSEUDOROSETTES and is commonly located in the spinal cord

A

Ependymoma

81
Q

CNS tumor with HOMER WRIGHT ROSETTES desmoplasia, and DROP METASTASES in the cauda equina

A

Medulloblastoma

82
Q

The most common benign brain tumor in adults. Has PSAMMOMA BODIES.

A

Meningioma

83
Q

The most common brain malignancy

A

Brain metastasis (lungs)

Lungs>breast>melanoma>kidney>GI

84
Q

Most common site of Schwannomas

A

Cerebellopontine angle

85
Q

Autosomal dominant metastatic brain tumor characterized by hamartomas (potato or tuber appearance) development of benign neoplasms involving the brain and other tissues.

Shagreen patches and ash-leaf patches

A

Tuberous sclerosis

86
Q

Potato or tuber appearance and candle-guttering

A

Tuberous sclerosis

87
Q

Only a portion of the ventricular system is enlarged because of excess CSF

A

Noncommunicating Hydrocephalus

Erwin Personal Flash Cards (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions