Diseases and the food supply Flashcards
Food security definition
having reliable access to sufficient quantities of affordable nutritious food
challenges to food security
-disease(ex. covid)
-war(ex.russia, wheat & barley)
-transportation(ex.Houthi rebels blocking shipping through red sea)
reasons for migration
(name at least 5)
-crop failure/starvation
-drought
-war
-disease
-economic opportunity
-poverty
-religious persecution
-ethnic cleansing
-population growth/crowding
staple food definition
foods that are eaten regularly throughout the world as a dominant portion of the diet
characteristics of staple foods
-high energy and nutrient value
-provide CHO, protein, and fat
-inexpensive
-can be stored a long time
why is “late blight” still an issue today? how do potato farmers overcome the economic loss
we still have a monoculture for potatoes
modern farmers have access to fungicides and ways to prevent the fungus
how were potatoes introduced to europe
from Peru and Bolivia, introduced by the Spanish
why did so many Irish peasants migrate to North America
Potato disease occurred leading to mass starvation and disease
clinical signs of rinderpest
-high fever
-lachrymal discharge from eyes
-profuse diarrhea
-erosion of epithilium of mouth and digestive tract
why was rinderpest able to be irradicated
-mass vaccination campaigns
-disease surveillance
-prompt diagnosis
-quarantine programs
-control movement of animals
-slaughter clinically ill animals
two pathways the rinderpest virus could have been introduced into Africa
introduced by Italians in 1885 when they invaded Ethiopia
(many believe it was intentional to make invasion easier but it may have been unintentional)
challenge of carrying out rinderpest vaccine to developing countries
war-torn areas in Africa, Pakistan, and Afghanistan slowed eradication
common staple foods
-Grains(wheat, rice, corn)
-Tubers(potato, yam, cassava)
-Legumes(beans, lentils, peas)
what 3 staple foods comprise 2/3 of the worlds food consumption
rice
corn
wheat
what is the rate of yearly population growth
1.1%
how often does the population double
approximately every 200 years
what countries currently have the greatest population growth
India
Africa
global hunger stats
-globally 25,000 people die from hunger every day
-about 10% of the world suffers from chronic hunger
-each year more than 3.1 million children die from malnutrition
reasons for food insecurity
poverty
low GDP
rapid population growth
poor infrastructure
poor food distribution
low agricultural productivity
natural disasters
war
what botanical family are potatoes part of? why did this cause wariness?
Solanaceae
most plants in this family are poisonous
where did the fungus for the potato famine originate? how does it spread?
originated in Central or South America
spreads via water and wind
what was used in the 1880s to stop the fungus causing the potato famine
copper sulfate mixture
how are potatoes propagated
vegetative method called cloning
how many people migrated during the Irish potato famine
3.5 million
