Smallpox Flashcards
Causative agent of smallpox? what is its range?
variola virus. restricted range
effect of smallpox on native American, Aztec, and Inca civilizations
Native Americans: immunologically naive, caused fluid and blood loss, 50-90% mortality
Aztec: caused demise of Aztec empire
Inca: killed chief Inca and led to demise of Inca empire
lady Mary Montagu’s role in the practice of variolation in England
survived smallpox and inoculated her daughters via variolation, convinced scholars to test variolation which led to its adoption by the royal society
roles of Onesimus and Cotton Mather in variolation in Massachusetts
Onesimus(African slave) informed Cotton Mather of the practice. Mather wrote to the royal society which tested it and saw a significant decrease in death from variolation groups
how did smallpox determine the course of the American revolutionary war
Washington used variolation in secret to protect his army which prevented their early defeat
role of Edward Jenner in vaccination against smallpox
used cowpox (a mild pox virus) to give immunity for smallpox
when was smallpox eradicated? what were factors contributing to its successful eradication?
May 8, 1980
-vaccination left scar(prrof of vaccination)
-effective and affordable vaccine
-mass vaccination campaign
-no animal reservoir
where is smallpox stored
-CDC in Atlanta Georgia
-Russian state center for research
Mpox clinical signs, Animal natural origin, treatment/vaccines
clinical signs: rash, fever, flu like symptoms
Animal origin: Rodents
vaccine:JYNNEOS vaccine
characteristics of poxviruses
-large DNA viruses
-stable in environment
-brick shaped
transmission of smallpox
-bodily fluids
-saliva
-contaminated objects
T/F monkeys are the natural reservoir for smallpox
FALSE. there are no known animal/insect reservoirs/vectors
what does centrifugal distribution refer to for smallpox
lesions are more abundant on extremities and face
two forms of smallpox virus
variola major: hemorrhagic type and flat type occur rarely but are very lethal
variola minor: <1% fatality rate
how was the cowpox vaccine transported to far away places
22 orphans were taken on a vessel, he inoculated the first with cowpox before the trip, when they developed the disease he inoculated the next, moving down the line until their destination was reached
