Measles Flashcards
what is the origin of measles
probably mutated from rinderpest, however, there are no known animal reservoirs for it
clinical signs of measles
fever and malaise
koplicks spots
conjunctivitis
rash
associated complications for measles
bacterial infection
pneumonia
blindness
seizures
death
hearing loss
impact of measles epidemics globally and nationally
Nationally: appeared in the US and spread from east coast to west coast in the 17th century
Globally: existed in endemic state in Europe in 18th-20th centuries
widespread throughout South and East Asia in middle ages
brought to western hemisphere during Spanish conquests
why is the current outbreak in Texas occurring? where is it most prevalent?
declining vaccination rates and rise in cases worldwide
most prevalent in west Texas
current status of measles nationally and globally
currently cases are increasing globally due to decreased vaccination
why is the vaccine rate needed for herd immunity so high with measles/why is it so infectious
the virus can hang in the air for up to 2 hours
what are koplicks spots
tiny white spots surrounded by a red ring inside the mouth
what percent of measles cases result in complications
30%
effectivity of MMR vaccine after 1 dose? 2 doses?
1 dose: 93% effective
2 doses: 97% effective
T/F Vitamin A is a good source to help naturally decrease chance of measles infection
FALSE
how long before symptoms appear is a person infected with measles contagious? how long after symptoms disappear?
approx 4 days for both
how many deaths were caused by the US army measles outbreak in 1917-18
3000
measles case fatality for black and whit soldiers during the civil war
white: 6%
black: 11%
what led to a decrease of measles mortality in the first half of the 20th century
hygiene
nutrition
medical care
antibiotics to treat pneumonia
when was the first attempt at a measles vaccine made? why did it not succeed?
- mimicked smallpox variolation, abandoned bc it was difficult to obtain proper measles samples
when was measles first identified? by who?
1911 by John Anderson and Joseph Goldberger
T/F the first true measles vaccine was an ideal vaccine. why or why not?
FALSE. it created mild fever and rash
who developed the first measles vaccine? when?
John Enders and Thomas Chalmers, 1954
when was an improved version of the measles vaccine released? when was it combined with mumps and rubella(MMR)
1968
1971
T/F measles is a great candidate for an eradication campaign
TRUE. however the anti vax movement hinders this goal
necessary vaccine level for herd immunity of measles
90-95%
average time between epidemics in certain endemic areas
2-5 years
how did covid impact measles
over 61 million vaccine doses were postponed or missed due to covid related delays
