Corona Virus Flashcards
what type of virus are corona viruses
RNA virus
how and when were corona viruses discovered
1930s in domestic poultry
what are RNA viruses known for
high mutation rates
T/F cold viruses are a form of corona virus
TRUE
what is the virus name for covid-19
sars-cov-2
4 taxonomies of corona viruses
beta virus
alpha virus
gamma virus
delta virus
types of beta viruses
embecovirus
sarbecovirus
merbecovirus
what does SARS stand for
severe acute respiratory syndrome
what percent similarity do sars-cov and sars-cov-2 have
79%
what years was sars-cov active
2003-2004
what was the first major global emerging disease in the 21st century
SARS cov
T/F SARS cov caused minor illness in almost all patients
FALSE. it caused severe illness
where did the SARS cov outbreak start
guangdong region in china
what was the mammal reservoir for SARS cov
palm civet cats
how dis SARS cov transfer from its reservoir to humans
palm civet cats were considered exotic cuisine and was eaten often in the guangdong region
T/F super spreader events were a characteristic of SARS1
TRUE
what was SARS1 mostly transmitted by
respiratory droplets from sneezes or coughs
incubation period of SARS1
2-7 days
what secondary disease did most infected with SARS1 develop
pneumonia
what was used to diagnose SARS1
PCR
fatality rate of SARS1
10%
what event forced SARS1 to be reported on
Dr. Liu was the first atypical pneumonia case reported outside China
when did the Chinese government release information about SARS1
feb. 2003
suspect case definition for SARS1
-presenting with fever over 100
-close contact w/in 10 days of someone with SARS1
-history of travel to loci of SARS1
probable SARS1 case definition
-chest x-ray shows pneumonia or respiratory distress syndrome
-unexplained respiratory illness resulting in death without an identifiable cause
what is a super spreader event
single individual initiates a large number of cases
when did WHO declare the SARS1 crisis over
July 2003
what were the laboratory acquired SARS1 infections
Singapore-Sept 2003
Taiwan-December 2003
China(2)-Feb and April 2004
what is the natural reservoir for SARS-like corona viruses
horseshoe bats
T/F SARS1 was classified as a pandemic
FALSE. it was a global epidemic
when and where was middle east respiratory syndrome first reported
Saudi Arabia, 2012
what in Saudi Arabia is considered a hotspot for disease
Hajj: Muslim pilgrimage to mecca
how many non Saudi’s travel to mecca during hajj(and how many countries)
1.8 million people(190 countries)
which disease was Saudi Arabia worried about for the hajj in recent years
MERS
what is the case fatality ratio of MERS
35%
what was the theorized intermediate animal host for MERS
dromedary camels
MERS incubation period
2-14 days
lessons learned from the MERS outbreak in South Korea
-a single missed case can trigger a nationwide outbreak
-first line of defense in clinics not thermal scanners in the airport
-patients can transmit MERS 2 days after symptom onset
-aggressive quarantine may be needed
why are coronaviruses such a problem
-they are zoonotic
-rapid mutation and change
-reverse zoonosis
when was the first public report of covid-19
2019
how much money did covid-19 cost the US economy
$15 trillion
why is genomic surveillance important
study mutations to stay up to date on defenses against new variants
prevailing origin theories for covid-19
-natural zoonotic emergence
-research associated infections
what is a chimeric virus
a virus that contains genetic material derived from 2 or more distinct viruses
5 phases of handling the covid-19 pandemic proposed in 2020
-containment
-broad community mitigation
-targeted risk-based community mitigation(vaccine released)
-risk-based control measures
-prevention of future pandemics
difference between isolation and quarantine
isolation is voluntary, quarantine is mandatory
incubation period of covid-19
2-14 days
what percent of clinical covid-19 cases were mild
81%
initial fatality of covid-19
2%
when does long covid generally appear
6-18 months after initial infection
clinical manifestations of long covid
cardiovascular
myocarditis
neurologic
vaccines for covid 19 and what type they were
-pfizer(mRNA)
-moderna(mRNA)
-navavax(subunit protein)
-johnson and johnson(viral vector)
2025 FDA approved vaccines for covid-19
moderna
pfizer
novavax
treatments for covid-19
monoclonal antibodies
antivirals
shortcomings to covid-19 response
-risk communication
-poor leadership and organizational structures
successes in covid-19 response
-operation warp speed
-life science enterprise worldwide
