[Discussion] MODULE 1 UNIT 6 Flashcards
-refers to measures that are applied to prevent the occurrence of a disease
Prevention
-refers to measures that are applied to prevent transmission after the disease has occurred
Control
-is a reduction to zero of the incidence of a specified disease in a defined geographical area as a result of deliberate efforts
Elimination
-continued intervention measures are required
Elimination
-defined as a permanent reduction to zero of the worldwide incidence of infection caused by a specific agent as a result of deliberate efforts
Eradication
-intervention measures are no longer needed
Eradication
Treatment of person confirmed with parasitic infection is done by administration of (?) through individual case management
antiparasitic (antiprotozoal or antihelminthic) drug
aims not only to alleviate the symptoms and reduce morbidity but also to control transmission by reducing the number of infected individuals
Treatment
The public health strategy recommended by WHO for controlling a set of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) is called
preventive chemotherapy (PC)
It consists of the regular, large-scale administration of drugs - either alone or in combination, to entire population groups at risk.
preventive chemotherapy (PC)
-The giving of an antihelmintic drug
Deworming
-Deworming tablets have been proven safe and effective against worms.
They come in flavored chewable tablets.
They stop the worms from growing and are excreted through the feces.
Albendazole and Mebendazole
-giving drug to the eligible population without the requirement of prior diagnosis of current infection
Mass drug administration
-Often practiced in endemic areas
Mass drug administration
-giving drug to a risk group in the population defined by age, sex or other social characteristics (e.g., school-age children, farmers), irrespective of the individual infection status
Targeted treatment
-group level treatment
Targeted treatment
-giving drug to infected individuals based on diagnosis of parasitic infection
Selective treatment
-individual level treatment
Selective treatment
In the Philippines, three helminth infections are targeted for control or elimination by the (?) through national programs that utilize (?) as a major strategy.
Department of Health
MDA
STH
DCH
LF
Soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH)
Schistosomiasis (SCH)
Lymphatic filariasis (LF)
Mass deworming for STH is scheduled every:
(Round 1)
(Round 2)
July
January
-A -School-based deworming through National School Deworming Month (NSDM) for those who are to 1-18 years old
DOH AO No. 2015-0030
-Mass treatment for filariasis and schistosomiasis in endemic areas is integrated with mass deworming for STH
DOH AO No. 2016-0212
-Filariasis and schistosomiasis treatment are both done every July of the year
DOH AO No. 2016-0212
Parasitic infections adversely affect animal’s health and threaten profitable animal production, thus are related to (?)
economic losses
These infections also play a major role in zoonotic diseases that cause morbidity and mortality in infected humans.
Parasitic animal infections
Animal control
The type of action depends on the (?)
It ranges from treatment with (?) the infected animal depending on the usefulness of the animal and the availability of parasite vaccine
animal reservoir
anti-parasitic drugs to culling
Elimination of breeding sites (stagnant water removal, destruction of old tires and cans) and good management of used water can reduce areas of excessive vector incidence
Environmental control
-Use of insecticides, or molluscicides, insecticides, larvicides, rodenticides, lethal ovitraps and repellents can be used to control vectors
Chemical control
-This refers to the use of one living organism introduced into the environment to obtain control of a target (e.g., vector) and thereby reducing its population growth
Biological control
is defined as the set of practices associated with the preservation of health.
Hygiene
Hygiene
Personal hygiene
Food hygiene
refers to the provision of proper waste disposal facilities, such as toilets or latrines, that safely separates human waste from human contact
Sanitation
also included the safe management of solid waste and animal waste
Sanitation
Mosquito net
Mechanical barriers
-involves physical separation between the source of infection and the susceptible host in such a manner as to prevent the spread of infection or contamination
Spatial barriers
isolation and quarantine
Spatial barriers
-helps to reduce the susceptible population by lowering the number of persons who develop the disease and disseminate pathogens
Immunization of Susceptible Hosts
-However, no vaccines against parasitic infections are licensed for human use
Immunization of Susceptible Hosts
-This is at least in part attributable to the antigenic complexity of parasites, arising from multiple life cycle stages, immune evasion strategies, and use of intermediate and reservoir hosts
Immunization of Susceptible Hosts
“Mandatory Reporting of Notifiable Diseases and Health Events of Public Concern“
R.A. 11332
-requires to accurately and immediately report notifiable diseases and health events of public health concern as issued by the DOH
R.A. 11332
- refers to a disease that, by legal requirements, must be reported to public health authorities
Notifiable disease
Epidemic prone diseases
Diseases targeted for eradication or elimination
Other diseases or conditions of public health importance
-one’s knowledge, awareness, and approach to the sickness and seeking healthcare
Health Literacy
Educating oneself and others on measures how to avoid parasitic infection and how to control its spread reduces the risk of transmission and reinfection.
PUBLIC EDUCATION
Public should be informed about the damages of uncontrolled disease and encouraged to seek treatment when signs present themselves.
PUBLIC EDUCATION
WASH
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
Provision is critical in the prevention and the provision of care for all neglected tropical diseases.
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
While each a separate field of work, each is dependent on the presence of the other.
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
For example, without toilets, water sources become contaminated; without clean water, basic hygiene practices are not possible.
W.A.S.H.
▶Parasitic
▶Culex/ Anopheles/ Aedes mosquito
Lymphatic filariasis
Onchocerciasis (River blindness)
Rabies
Scabies
Schistosomiasis
Snakebite envenoming
Soil-transmitted helminthiases
Taeniasis/ Cysticercosis
Trachoma
