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Parasitology [LEC] > [AWISAN] MODULE 3 DISCUSSION > Flashcards

[AWISAN] MODULE 3 DISCUSSION Flashcards

1
Q

Location of Adult in the body
Intestinal nematodes
small intestine

A

Ascaris, Ancylostoma, Necator, Strongyloides, Trichinella

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2
Q

Location of Adult in the body
Intestinal nematodes
large intestine

A

Enterobius, Trichuris

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3
Q

Location of Adult in the body
Tissue nematodes
lymphatic:

A

Wuhereria, Bru gia

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4
Q

Location of Adult in the body
Tissue nematodes
subcutaneous:

A

Loa loa, Onchocerca, Dracunculus

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5
Q

Location of Adult in the body
Tissue nematodes
mesentery:

A

Mansonella

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6
Q

Location of Adult in the body
Tissue nematodes
conjunctiva:

A

Loa loo

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7
Q

Mode of transmission
By ingestion
eggs:

A

Ascaris, Enterobius, Trichuris

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8
Q

Mode of transmission
By ingestion
larva within IH:

A

Dracunculus

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9
Q

Mode of transmission
By ingestion
encysted larvae in muscle:

A

Trichinella

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10
Q

Mode of transmission
By penetration of skin

A

Ancylostoma, Necator, Strongyloides

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11
Q

Mode of transmission
By blood sucking insects

A

Filaria

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12
Q

Mode of transmission
By inhalation of dust containing eggs

A

Ascaris, Enterobius

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13
Q

Mode of attachment

A

anchorage with their attenuated ends (Trichuris)

oral attachment to the mucosa (Ancylostoma)

penetration of the tissues
(Strongyloides)

retention ¡n the folds of mucosa and pressure against it (Ascaris)

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14
Q

Nourishment

A

Sucking with ingestion of blood (Ancylostoma)

Ingestion of lysed tissues and blood by enbedded worms (Trichuris) nourishment

Feeding on intestinal contents (Ascaris)

Ingestion of nourishment from body fluid (filarial worm)

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15
Q

Lay eggs or larva
Oviparous: lay eggs
unsegmented:

A

Ascaris, Trichuris

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16
Q

Lay eggs or larva
Oviparous: lay eggs
segmented:

A

Ancylostoma, Necator

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17
Q

Lay eggs or larva
Oviparous: lay eggs
egg containing larvae:

A

Enterobius

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18
Q

Lay eggs or larva
Viviparous: produce larvae

A

Trichinella, Wuchereria, Brugia, Dracunculus

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19
Q

Lay eggs or larva
Ovoviparous

A

lay eggs containing fully formed larvae which hatch out immediately
(Strongyloides

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20
Q

Parasite
 Whipworm

A

Trichuris trichiura

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21
Q

Trichuris trichiura
Infective stage

A

Embryonated ova

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22
Q

Trichuris trichiura
MOT

A

 Ingestion of ova (STH)

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23
Q

Trichuris trichiura
Host

A

 Primarily human

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24
Q

Trichuris trichiura
Habitat

A

Large intestine; cecum and ascending colon

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25
Q

Trichuris trichiura
Disease

A

 Trichuriasis
 Trichoencephalitis
 Iron deficiency anemia
 Appendicitis
 Rectal prolapse

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26
Q

Trichuris trichiura
Diagnostic tool/feature

A

 Stichocytes in adult
 Male: coiled ventrally at 3600
 “Japanese lantern ova”

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27
Q

 Capillary liver worm

A

Capillaria hepatica

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28
Q

Capillaria hepatica
Infective stage

A

Embryonated ova

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29
Q

Capillaria hepatica
MOT

A

 Ingestion of ova

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30
Q

Capillaria hepatica
Host

A

 Zoonotic (low host specificity)
 Primarily rodent & carnivore
 true & spurious infection

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31
Q

Capillaria hepatica
Habitat

A

Liver parenchyma

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32
Q

Capillaria hepatica
Disease

A

 Hepatic capilliariasis (liver cirrhosis)
 rare

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33
Q

Capillaria hepatica
Diagnostic tool/feature

A

 Adult resembles T. trichiura
 Lemon-shaped ova

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34
Q

 Pudoc worm

A

Capilliaria philippinensis

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35
Q

Capilliaria philippinensis
Infective stage

A

Larva

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36
Q

Capilliaria philippinensis
MOT

A

 Ingestion of uncooked fish with infective larva
*internal autoinfection

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37
Q

Capilliaria philippinensis
Host

A

 IH: glassfish (bagsit, bagsang, ipon)
 DH: primarily human

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38
Q

Capilliaria philippinensis
Habitat

A

Small intestinal mucosa

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39
Q

Capilliaria philippinensis
Disease

A

 Mystery disease
 Internal Capilliariasis
 Malabsorption syndrome (CHON losing enteropathy)
 borborygmi

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40
Q

Capilliaria philippinensis
Diagnostic tool/feature

A

 Adult resembles T. trichiura
 Larviparous (Autoinfection)
 Peanut-shaped ova

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41
Q

 Trichina worm
 *smallest nematode infecting man

A

Trichinella spiralis

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42
Q

Trichinella spiralis
Infective stage

A

Encysted larva

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43
Q

Trichinella spiralis
MOT

A

 Ingestion of undercooked pork

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44
Q

Trichinella spiralis
Host

A

 Vertebrate
 domestic cycle
 sylvatic cycle

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45
Q

Trichinella spiralis
Habitat

A

Small intestine

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46
Q

Trichinella spiralis
Disease

A

 Trichinosis
 Trichinelliasis
 myocarditis, encephalitis

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47
Q

Trichinella spiralis
Diagnostic tool/feature

A

 Muscle biopsy: larva (tightly coiled)
 Backman Intradermal Test (hypersensitivity test)
 Beck’s Xenodiagnosis
 ELISA (recommended)
 Western blot & LA (conform ELISA)

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48
Q

 Giant kidney worm
 Largest nematode infecting man

A

Dioctophyme/Dyoctophyma renale

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49
Q

Dioctophyme/Dyoctophyma renale
Infective stage

A

L3 larva

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50
Q

Dioctophyme/Dyoctophyma renale
MOT

A

 Ingestion of uncooked paratenic host with
L3 larva

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51
Q

Dioctophyme/Dyoctophyma renale
Host

A

 IH: aquatic oligochaete worms
(blackworms)
 DH: mustelids, canids, otters, martens,
raccoons
*rare in human
 Paratenic: freshwater fish and amphibian

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52
Q

Dioctophyme/Dyoctophyma renale
Habitat

A

Kidney
 larva migrate in the subcutaneous nodules

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53
Q

Dioctophyme/Dyoctophyma renale
Disease

A

 Dioctophymiasis (hematuria, abdominal pain, fever, and eopsinophilia)

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54
Q

Dioctophyme/Dyoctophyma renale
Diagnostic tool/feature

A

 Egg in urine, sometime adult

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55
Q

 Giant/large intestinal roundworm
 largest nematode parasite in the
intestine

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

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56
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides
Infective stage

A

Embryonated ova

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57
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides
MOT

A

 Ingestion of embryonated ova

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58
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides
Host

A

 Primarily human
 Monkeys/apes
*dogs: spurious
*A. suum: swine

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59
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides
Habitat

A

 Small intestine

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60
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides
Disease

A

 *wandering
 Larva: lungs – ascaris pneumonia (Loeffler’s syndrome)
 *migrating adult: occlusion of biliary tract, appendicitis, nasopharyngeal
expulsion

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61
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides
Diagnostic tool/feature

A

 Adult mouth: 3 finely denticulated lips
 Adult male posterior end: curved ventrally to form a hook with 2 copulatory
spicules
 Ova: unfertilized, fertilized, decorticated

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62
Q

 Oxyrius vermicularis
 Pinworm, seatworm, threadworm

A

Enterobius vermicularis

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63
Q

Enterobius vermicularis
Infective stage

A

Embryonated ova

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64
Q

Enterobius vermicularis
MOT

A

 Ingestion of embryonated ova
 Inhalation or swallowing of embryonated
ova in dust
*retroinfection

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65
Q

Enterobius vermicularis
Host

A

 Only human: high host specificity
*occasional infection in captive
chimpanzee
*school age
*crowding

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66
Q

Enterobius vermicularis
Habitat

A

 Large intestine
*larva are often found in the appendix but
role in appendicitis is conversial

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67
Q

Enterobius vermicularis
Disease

A

 Enterobiasis
 perianal pruritus
 vulvovagnitis pelvic or peritoneal granulomas pain that mimics

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68
Q

Enterobius vermicularis
Diagnostic tool/feature

A

 Adult: 3 cephalic alae.
 esophagus with double-bulb structure, pointed tail
 D-shape ova
 Scotch tape method

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69
Q

 New world hookworm
 American hookworm
 American murderer

A

Necator americanus

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70
Q

Necator americanus
Infective stage

A

Filariform larvae

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71
Q

Necator americanus
MOT

A

 Skin penetration

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72
Q

Necator americanus
Host

A

 Human

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73
Q

Necator americanus
Habitat

A

 Small intestine (jejunum)
 Transpulmonary migration phase

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74
Q

Necator americanus
Disease

A

 Ground itch or coolie itch
 Pneumonitis
 Iron deficiency anemia (microcytic, hypochromic)

75
Q

Necator americanus
Diagnostic tool/feature

A

 ovoidal. thin-shelled, colorless
 2-8 cell stage ova

76
Q

 Old world hookworm
 European hookworm
 Germ of lazmesa

A

Ancylostoma duodenale

77
Q

Ancylostoma duodenale
Infective stage

A

Filariform larvae

78
Q

Ancylostoma duodenale
MOT

A

 Skin penetration
 Oral and transmammary route
*Hypobiosis in the intestine or muscle

79
Q

Ancylostoma duodenale
Host

80
Q

Ancylostoma duodenale
Habitat

A

 Small intestine (jejunum)

81
Q

Ancylostoma duodenale
Disease

A

 Ground itch or coolie itch
 Pneumonitis
 Iron deficiency anemia (microcytic, hypochromic)

82
Q

Ancylostoma duodenale
Diagnostic tool/feature

A

 ovoidal. thin-shelled, colorless
 2-8 cell stage ova

83
Q

 Cat hookworm
 Smallest hookworm

A

Ancylostoma brazlltense

84
Q

Ancylostoma brazlltense
Infective stage

A

Filariform larvae

85
Q

Ancylostoma brazlltense
MOT

A

 Skin penetration

86
Q

Ancylostoma brazlltense
Host

A

 Zoonotic: canids and felids

87
Q

Ancylostoma brazlltense
Habitat

A

 Small intestine

88
Q

Ancylostoma brazlltense
Disease

A

 Cutaneous larva migrans or creeping eruption

89
Q

Ancylostoma brazlltense
Diagnostic tool/feature

A

 ovoidal. thin-shelled. Colorless
 2-8 cell stage ova

90
Q

 dog hookworm

A

Ancylostoma caninum

91
Q

Ancylostoma caninum
Infective stage

A

Filariform larvae

92
Q

Ancylostoma caninum
MOT

A

 Skin penetration
 Oral ingestion

93
Q

Ancylostoma caninum
Host

A

 Zoonotic:dogs, wolves, cayotes, and
foxes

94
Q

Ancylostoma caninum
Habitat

A

 Small intestine

95
Q

Ancylostoma caninum
Disease

A

 Cutaneous larva migrans or creeping eruption

96
Q

Ancylostoma caninum
Diagnostic tool/feature

A

 ovoidal. thin-shelled, colorless
 2-8 cell stage ova

97
Q

 Thread worm
 Free living

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

98
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis
Infective stage

A

Filariform larvae

99
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis
MOT

A

 Skin penetration

100
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis
Host

A

 Primarily Human

101
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis
Habitat

A

 Small intestine

102
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis
Disease

A

 Strongyloidiasis
 Larva currens: racing larva
 Bronchopneumonia
 Chronic bronchitis

103
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis
Diagnostic tool/feature

A

 ovoidal. thin-shelled, colorless
 2-4 cell stage ova
 Larva in sputum
 3 small lips
 partenogenic

104
Q

 dog astrid

A

Toxocara canis

105
Q

Toxocara canis
Infective stage

A

Embryonated ova with L3

106
Q

Toxocara canis
MOT

A

 ingestion of infective eggs
 larva penetration
 transplacental & transmammary

107
Q

Toxocara canis
Host

A

 dog
 AH: Human

108
Q

Toxocara canis
Habitat

A

 Small intestine

109
Q

Toxocara canis
Disease

A

 Visceral toxocariasis: VLM
 Ocular toxocariasis: OLM
- Irreversible blindness

110
Q

Toxocara canis
Diagnostic tool/feature

A

 Distinct cephalic alae
 Longer than broad (bow-like)
 Prominent lips

111
Q

 cat astrid

A

Toxocara catis

112
Q

Toxocara catis
Infective stage

A

Embryonated ova with L3

113
Q

Toxocara catis
MOT

A

 ingestion of infective eggs
 larva penetration
 transmammary

114
Q

Toxocara catis
Host

A

 cat
 AH: Human

115
Q

Toxocara catis
Habitat

A

 Small intestine

116
Q

Toxocara catis
Disease

A

 Visceral toxocariasis: VLM
 Ocular toxocariasis: OLM
- Irreversible blindness

117
Q

Toxocara catis
Diagnostic tool/feature

A

 Distinct cephalic alae
 Longer than broad (bow-like)
 Prominent lips

118
Q

 rust colored

A

Gnathostoma spinigerum

119
Q

Gnathostoma spinigerum
Infective stage

120
Q

Gnathostoma spinigerum
MOT

A

 eating undercooked fish or poultry-larvae

121
Q

Gnathostoma spinigerum
Host

A

 1
st IH: copepods
 2
nd IH: aquatic animals that feed on
copepod (fish, amphibians)
 Paratenic: snake, duck
 AH: Human

122
Q

Gnathostoma spinigerum
Habitat

A

 Gastric wall

123
Q

Gnathostoma spinigerum
Disease

A

 Cutaneous gnathostomiasis/larva migrans profundus (pulmonary, GIT,
genitourinary, auricular, ocular tissues, or CNS)
 Neuro-gnathostomiasis

124
Q

Gnathostoma spinigerum
Diagnostic tool/feature

A

 Prominent cephalic
 Bulb and body spines

125
Q

 Rat lungworm

A

Angiostronglus (Parastrongylus) cantonensis

126
Q

Angiostronglus (Parastrongylus) cantonensis
Infective stage

127
Q

Angiostronglus (Parastrongylus) cantonensis
MOT

A

 Accidental ingestion of gastropod or larvae

128
Q

Angiostronglus (Parastrongylus) cantonensis
Host

A

 IH: gastropod (snail or slug)
 DH: rats
 AH: Human

129
Q

Angiostronglus (Parastrongylus) cantonensis
Habitat

A

 DH: Pulmonary arteries
*In human, larvae migrate to brain
(occasionally eyes or lungs)

130
Q

Angiostronglus (Parastrongylus) cantonensis
Disease

A

 Human eosinophilic meningitis (neural angiostrongyliasis)
 Ocular angiostrongyliasis

131
Q

Angiostronglus (Parastrongylus) cantonensis
Diagnostic tool/feature

A

 Eosinophilia
 Computed tomography (CT) scan
 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
 ELISA

132
Q

Wuchereria bancrofti
Infective stage

A

3rd stage filarial larvae

133
Q

Wuchereria bancrofti
MOT

A

Mosquito bite

134
Q

Wuchereria bancrofti
Host

A

 DH: Human
 IH: Mosquito (Cutex, Aedes, Anopheles)

135
Q

Wuchereria bancrofti
Habitat

A

 Lymphatics

136
Q

Wuchereria bancrofti
Disease

A

 elephantiasis of the lower extremities
o Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia

137
Q

Brugia malayi
Infective stage

A

3rd stage filarial larvae

138
Q

Brugia malayi
MOT

A

Mosquito bite

139
Q

Brugia malayi
Host

A

 DH: Human
 IH: Mosquito (Mansonia, Aedes)

140
Q

Brugia malayi
Habitat

A

 Lymphatics

141
Q

Brugia malayi
Disease

A

 elephantiasis of the lower extremities
o Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia

142
Q

Brugia timori
Infective stage

A

3rd stage filarial larvae

143
Q

Brugia timori
MOT

A

Mosquito bite

144
Q

Brugia timori
Host

A

 DH: Human
 IH: Mosquito (Anopheles)

145
Q

Brugia timori
Habitat

A

 Lymphatics

146
Q

Brugia timori
Disease

A

 Mild, than bancroftian or malayan filariasis

147
Q

 African eye worm

148
Q

Loaloa
Infective stage

A

3rd stage filarial larvae

149
Q

Loaloa
MOT

A

Vector bite

150
Q

Loaloa
Host

A

 DH: Human
 IH: Chrysops

151
Q

Loaloa
Habitat

A

 Subcutaneous tissue
o Subconjunctival migration of adult

152
Q

Loaloa
Disease

A

 Calabar swelling (episodic angioedema), fugitive swelling
 Loiasis

153
Q

Onchocerca volvulus
Infective stage

A

3rd stage filarial larvae

154
Q

Onchocerca volvulus
MOT

A

Vector bite

155
Q

Onchocerca volvulus
Host

A

 IH: blackfly (simulium) bite

156
Q

Onchocerca volvulus
Habitat

A

 Subcutaneous tissue

157
Q

Onchocerca volvulus
Disease

A

 Onchocerciasis, river blindness, dermatitis

158
Q

Mansonella pertans
Infective stage

A

3rd stage filarial larvae

159
Q

Mansonella pertans
MOT

A

Vector bite

160
Q

Mansonella pertans
Host

A

 DH: Human
 IH: Midge (Culicoides)

161
Q

Mansonella pertans
Habitat

A

 Subcutaneous tissue

162
Q

Mansonella pertans
Disease

A

 Asymptomatic
o Adult migration: transient subcutaneous swelling, pericarditis, pleuritic, ocular symptoms

163
Q

Mansonella ozzardi
Infective stage

A

3rd stage filarial larvae

164
Q

Mansonella ozzardi
MOT

A

Vector bite

165
Q

Mansonella ozzardi
Host

A

 DH: Human, monkey
 IH: blackfly (simulium), Midge (Culicoides)

166
Q

Mansonella ozzardi
Habitat

A

 Peritoneal cavity or pleural cavity, less frequently in pericardium

167
Q

Mansonella ozzardi
Disease

A

 Asymptomatic
o Fever, pruritis, arthralgia, headache, rashes, lymphadenopathy, edema, and pulmonary symptoms

168
Q

Mansonella streptocerca
Infective stage

A

3rd stage filarial larvae

169
Q

Mansonella streptocerca
MOT

A

Vector bite

170
Q

Mansonella streptocerca
Host

A

 DH: Human, chimpanzee
 IH: Midge (Culicoides)

171
Q

Mansonella streptocerca
Habitat

A

 Dermis

172
Q

Mansonella streptocerca
Disease

A

 Asymptomatic
o Pruritis, dermatitis, hyperpigmented lesion

173
Q

Dracunculus medinensis
Infective stage

A

Infective larvae

174
Q

Dracunculus medinensis
MOT

A

Drinking unfiltered water containing copepods

175
Q

Dracunculus medinensis
Host

A

 IH: copepods

176
Q

Dracunculus medinensis
Habitat

A

 Subcutaneous tissues

177
Q

Dracunculus medinensis
Disease

A

 Guinea worm disease
 Skin infection

178
Q

 Dog hookworm

A

Dirofilaria immitis

179
Q

Dirofilaria immitis
Infective stage

A

Infective larvae

180
Q

Dirofilaria immitis
MOT

A

Mosquito bite

181
Q

Dirofilaria immitis
Host

A

 Some zoonotic
 DH: carnivore (dogs, cayote, jackal, wolf)
 IH: mosquito (Cutex, Aedes, Anopheles, Mansonia)

182
Q

Dirofilaria immitis
Habitat

183
Q

Dirofilaria immitis
Disease

A

 Pulmonary disease
 Coin lesion
 Papuple ulcers

Parasitology [LEC] (23 decks)

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