[AWISAN] MODULE 3 DISCUSSION Flashcards
Location of Adult in the body
Intestinal nematodes
small intestine
Ascaris, Ancylostoma, Necator, Strongyloides, Trichinella
Location of Adult in the body
Intestinal nematodes
large intestine
Enterobius, Trichuris
Location of Adult in the body
Tissue nematodes
lymphatic:
Wuhereria, Bru gia
Location of Adult in the body
Tissue nematodes
subcutaneous:
Loa loa, Onchocerca, Dracunculus
Location of Adult in the body
Tissue nematodes
mesentery:
Mansonella
Location of Adult in the body
Tissue nematodes
conjunctiva:
Loa loo
Mode of transmission
By ingestion
eggs:
Ascaris, Enterobius, Trichuris
Mode of transmission
By ingestion
larva within IH:
Dracunculus
Mode of transmission
By ingestion
encysted larvae in muscle:
Trichinella
Mode of transmission
By penetration of skin
Ancylostoma, Necator, Strongyloides
Mode of transmission
By blood sucking insects
Filaria
Mode of transmission
By inhalation of dust containing eggs
Ascaris, Enterobius
Mode of attachment
anchorage with their attenuated ends (Trichuris)
oral attachment to the mucosa (Ancylostoma)
penetration of the tissues
(Strongyloides)
retention ¡n the folds of mucosa and pressure against it (Ascaris)
Nourishment
Sucking with ingestion of blood (Ancylostoma)
Ingestion of lysed tissues and blood by enbedded worms (Trichuris) nourishment
Feeding on intestinal contents (Ascaris)
Ingestion of nourishment from body fluid (filarial worm)
Lay eggs or larva
Oviparous: lay eggs
unsegmented:
Ascaris, Trichuris
Lay eggs or larva
Oviparous: lay eggs
segmented:
Ancylostoma, Necator
Lay eggs or larva
Oviparous: lay eggs
egg containing larvae:
Enterobius
Lay eggs or larva
Viviparous: produce larvae
Trichinella, Wuchereria, Brugia, Dracunculus
Lay eggs or larva
Ovoviparous
lay eggs containing fully formed larvae which hatch out immediately
(Strongyloides
Parasite
Whipworm
Trichuris trichiura
Trichuris trichiura
Infective stage
Embryonated ova
Trichuris trichiura
MOT
Ingestion of ova (STH)
Trichuris trichiura
Host
Primarily human
Trichuris trichiura
Habitat
Large intestine; cecum and ascending colon
Trichuris trichiura
Disease
Trichuriasis
Trichoencephalitis
Iron deficiency anemia
Appendicitis
Rectal prolapse
Trichuris trichiura
Diagnostic tool/feature
Stichocytes in adult
Male: coiled ventrally at 3600
“Japanese lantern ova”
Capillary liver worm
Capillaria hepatica
Capillaria hepatica
Infective stage
Embryonated ova
Capillaria hepatica
MOT
Ingestion of ova
Capillaria hepatica
Host
Zoonotic (low host specificity)
Primarily rodent & carnivore
true & spurious infection
Capillaria hepatica
Habitat
Liver parenchyma
Capillaria hepatica
Disease
Hepatic capilliariasis (liver cirrhosis)
rare
Capillaria hepatica
Diagnostic tool/feature
Adult resembles T. trichiura
Lemon-shaped ova
Pudoc worm
Capilliaria philippinensis
Capilliaria philippinensis
Infective stage
Larva
Capilliaria philippinensis
MOT
Ingestion of uncooked fish with infective larva
*internal autoinfection
Capilliaria philippinensis
Host
IH: glassfish (bagsit, bagsang, ipon)
DH: primarily human
Capilliaria philippinensis
Habitat
Small intestinal mucosa
Capilliaria philippinensis
Disease
Mystery disease
Internal Capilliariasis
Malabsorption syndrome (CHON losing enteropathy)
borborygmi
Capilliaria philippinensis
Diagnostic tool/feature
Adult resembles T. trichiura
Larviparous (Autoinfection)
Peanut-shaped ova
Trichina worm
*smallest nematode infecting man
Trichinella spiralis
Trichinella spiralis
Infective stage
Encysted larva
Trichinella spiralis
MOT
Ingestion of undercooked pork
Trichinella spiralis
Host
Vertebrate
domestic cycle
sylvatic cycle
Trichinella spiralis
Habitat
Small intestine
Trichinella spiralis
Disease
Trichinosis
Trichinelliasis
myocarditis, encephalitis
Trichinella spiralis
Diagnostic tool/feature
Muscle biopsy: larva (tightly coiled)
Backman Intradermal Test (hypersensitivity test)
Beck’s Xenodiagnosis
ELISA (recommended)
Western blot & LA (conform ELISA)
Giant kidney worm
Largest nematode infecting man
Dioctophyme/Dyoctophyma renale
Dioctophyme/Dyoctophyma renale
Infective stage
L3 larva
Dioctophyme/Dyoctophyma renale
MOT
Ingestion of uncooked paratenic host with
L3 larva
Dioctophyme/Dyoctophyma renale
Host
IH: aquatic oligochaete worms
(blackworms)
DH: mustelids, canids, otters, martens,
raccoons
*rare in human
Paratenic: freshwater fish and amphibian
Dioctophyme/Dyoctophyma renale
Habitat
Kidney
larva migrate in the subcutaneous nodules
Dioctophyme/Dyoctophyma renale
Disease
Dioctophymiasis (hematuria, abdominal pain, fever, and eopsinophilia)
Dioctophyme/Dyoctophyma renale
Diagnostic tool/feature
Egg in urine, sometime adult
Giant/large intestinal roundworm
largest nematode parasite in the
intestine
Ascaris lumbricoides
Ascaris lumbricoides
Infective stage
Embryonated ova
Ascaris lumbricoides
MOT
Ingestion of embryonated ova
Ascaris lumbricoides
Host
Primarily human
Monkeys/apes
*dogs: spurious
*A. suum: swine
Ascaris lumbricoides
Habitat
Small intestine
Ascaris lumbricoides
Disease
*wandering
Larva: lungs – ascaris pneumonia (Loeffler’s syndrome)
*migrating adult: occlusion of biliary tract, appendicitis, nasopharyngeal
expulsion
Ascaris lumbricoides
Diagnostic tool/feature
Adult mouth: 3 finely denticulated lips
Adult male posterior end: curved ventrally to form a hook with 2 copulatory
spicules
Ova: unfertilized, fertilized, decorticated
Oxyrius vermicularis
Pinworm, seatworm, threadworm
Enterobius vermicularis
Enterobius vermicularis
Infective stage
Embryonated ova
Enterobius vermicularis
MOT
Ingestion of embryonated ova
Inhalation or swallowing of embryonated
ova in dust
*retroinfection
Enterobius vermicularis
Host
Only human: high host specificity
*occasional infection in captive
chimpanzee
*school age
*crowding
Enterobius vermicularis
Habitat
Large intestine
*larva are often found in the appendix but
role in appendicitis is conversial
Enterobius vermicularis
Disease
Enterobiasis
perianal pruritus
vulvovagnitis pelvic or peritoneal granulomas pain that mimics
Enterobius vermicularis
Diagnostic tool/feature
Adult: 3 cephalic alae.
esophagus with double-bulb structure, pointed tail
D-shape ova
Scotch tape method
New world hookworm
American hookworm
American murderer
Necator americanus
Necator americanus
Infective stage
Filariform larvae
Necator americanus
MOT
Skin penetration
Necator americanus
Host
Human
Necator americanus
Habitat
Small intestine (jejunum)
Transpulmonary migration phase