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Parasitology [LEC] > [AWISAN] MODULE 3 DISCUSSION > Flashcards

[AWISAN] MODULE 3 DISCUSSION Flashcards

1
Q

Location of Adult in the body
Intestinal nematodes
small intestine

A

Ascaris, Ancylostoma, Necator, Strongyloides, Trichinella

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2
Q

Location of Adult in the body
Intestinal nematodes
large intestine

A

Enterobius, Trichuris

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3
Q

Location of Adult in the body
Tissue nematodes
lymphatic:

A

Wuhereria, Bru gia

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4
Q

Location of Adult in the body
Tissue nematodes
subcutaneous:

A

Loa loa, Onchocerca, Dracunculus

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5
Q

Location of Adult in the body
Tissue nematodes
mesentery:

A

Mansonella

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6
Q

Location of Adult in the body
Tissue nematodes
conjunctiva:

A

Loa loo

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7
Q

Mode of transmission
By ingestion
eggs:

A

Ascaris, Enterobius, Trichuris

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8
Q

Mode of transmission
By ingestion
larva within IH:

A

Dracunculus

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9
Q

Mode of transmission
By ingestion
encysted larvae in muscle:

A

Trichinella

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10
Q

Mode of transmission
By penetration of skin

A

Ancylostoma, Necator, Strongyloides

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11
Q

Mode of transmission
By blood sucking insects

A

Filaria

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12
Q

Mode of transmission
By inhalation of dust containing eggs

A

Ascaris, Enterobius

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13
Q

Mode of attachment

A

anchorage with their attenuated ends (Trichuris)

oral attachment to the mucosa (Ancylostoma)

penetration of the tissues
(Strongyloides)

retention ¡n the folds of mucosa and pressure against it (Ascaris)

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14
Q

Nourishment

A

Sucking with ingestion of blood (Ancylostoma)

Ingestion of lysed tissues and blood by enbedded worms (Trichuris) nourishment

Feeding on intestinal contents (Ascaris)

Ingestion of nourishment from body fluid (filarial worm)

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15
Q

Lay eggs or larva
Oviparous: lay eggs
unsegmented:

A

Ascaris, Trichuris

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16
Q

Lay eggs or larva
Oviparous: lay eggs
segmented:

A

Ancylostoma, Necator

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17
Q

Lay eggs or larva
Oviparous: lay eggs
egg containing larvae:

A

Enterobius

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18
Q

Lay eggs or larva
Viviparous: produce larvae

A

Trichinella, Wuchereria, Brugia, Dracunculus

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19
Q

Lay eggs or larva
Ovoviparous

A

lay eggs containing fully formed larvae which hatch out immediately
(Strongyloides

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20
Q

Parasite
 Whipworm

A

Trichuris trichiura

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21
Q

Trichuris trichiura
Infective stage

A

Embryonated ova

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22
Q

Trichuris trichiura
MOT

A

 Ingestion of ova (STH)

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23
Q

Trichuris trichiura
Host

A

 Primarily human

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24
Q

Trichuris trichiura
Habitat

A

Large intestine; cecum and ascending colon

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25
Trichuris trichiura Disease
 Trichuriasis  Trichoencephalitis  Iron deficiency anemia  Appendicitis  Rectal prolapse
26
Trichuris trichiura Diagnostic tool/feature
 Stichocytes in adult  Male: coiled ventrally at 3600  “Japanese lantern ova”
27
 Capillary liver worm
Capillaria hepatica
28
Capillaria hepatica Infective stage
Embryonated ova
29
Capillaria hepatica MOT
 Ingestion of ova
30
Capillaria hepatica Host
 Zoonotic (low host specificity)  Primarily rodent & carnivore  true & spurious infection
31
Capillaria hepatica Habitat
Liver parenchyma
32
Capillaria hepatica Disease
 Hepatic capilliariasis (liver cirrhosis)  rare
33
Capillaria hepatica Diagnostic tool/feature
 Adult resembles T. trichiura  Lemon-shaped ova
34
 Pudoc worm
Capilliaria philippinensis
35
Capilliaria philippinensis Infective stage
Larva
36
Capilliaria philippinensis MOT
 Ingestion of uncooked fish with infective larva *internal autoinfection
37
Capilliaria philippinensis Host
 IH: glassfish (bagsit, bagsang, ipon)  DH: primarily human
38
Capilliaria philippinensis Habitat
Small intestinal mucosa
39
Capilliaria philippinensis Disease
 Mystery disease  Internal Capilliariasis  Malabsorption syndrome (CHON losing enteropathy)  borborygmi
40
Capilliaria philippinensis Diagnostic tool/feature
 Adult resembles T. trichiura  Larviparous (Autoinfection)  Peanut-shaped ova
41
 Trichina worm  *smallest nematode infecting man
Trichinella spiralis
42
Trichinella spiralis Infective stage
Encysted larva
43
Trichinella spiralis MOT
 Ingestion of undercooked pork
44
Trichinella spiralis Host
 Vertebrate  domestic cycle  sylvatic cycle
45
Trichinella spiralis Habitat
Small intestine
46
Trichinella spiralis Disease
 Trichinosis  Trichinelliasis  myocarditis, encephalitis
47
Trichinella spiralis Diagnostic tool/feature
 Muscle biopsy: larva (tightly coiled)  Backman Intradermal Test (hypersensitivity test)  Beck’s Xenodiagnosis  ELISA (recommended)  Western blot & LA (conform ELISA)
48
 Giant kidney worm  Largest nematode infecting man
Dioctophyme/Dyoctophyma renale
49
Dioctophyme/Dyoctophyma renale Infective stage
L3 larva
50
Dioctophyme/Dyoctophyma renale MOT
 Ingestion of uncooked paratenic host with L3 larva
51
Dioctophyme/Dyoctophyma renale Host
 IH: aquatic oligochaete worms (blackworms)  DH: mustelids, canids, otters, martens, raccoons *rare in human  Paratenic: freshwater fish and amphibian
52
Dioctophyme/Dyoctophyma renale Habitat
Kidney  larva migrate in the subcutaneous nodules
53
Dioctophyme/Dyoctophyma renale Disease
 Dioctophymiasis (hematuria, abdominal pain, fever, and eopsinophilia)
54
Dioctophyme/Dyoctophyma renale Diagnostic tool/feature
 Egg in urine, sometime adult
55
 Giant/large intestinal roundworm  largest nematode parasite in the intestine
Ascaris lumbricoides
56
Ascaris lumbricoides Infective stage
Embryonated ova
57
Ascaris lumbricoides MOT
 Ingestion of embryonated ova
58
Ascaris lumbricoides Host
 Primarily human  Monkeys/apes *dogs: spurious *A. suum: swine
59
Ascaris lumbricoides Habitat
 Small intestine
60
Ascaris lumbricoides Disease
 *wandering  Larva: lungs – ascaris pneumonia (Loeffler’s syndrome)  *migrating adult: occlusion of biliary tract, appendicitis, nasopharyngeal expulsion
61
Ascaris lumbricoides Diagnostic tool/feature
 Adult mouth: 3 finely denticulated lips  Adult male posterior end: curved ventrally to form a hook with 2 copulatory spicules  Ova: unfertilized, fertilized, decorticated
62
 Oxyrius vermicularis  Pinworm, seatworm, threadworm
Enterobius vermicularis
63
Enterobius vermicularis Infective stage
Embryonated ova
64
Enterobius vermicularis MOT
 Ingestion of embryonated ova  Inhalation or swallowing of embryonated ova in dust *retroinfection
65
Enterobius vermicularis Host
 Only human: high host specificity *occasional infection in captive chimpanzee *school age *crowding
66
Enterobius vermicularis Habitat
 Large intestine *larva are often found in the appendix but role in appendicitis is conversial
67
Enterobius vermicularis Disease
 Enterobiasis  perianal pruritus  vulvovagnitis pelvic or peritoneal granulomas pain that mimics
68
Enterobius vermicularis Diagnostic tool/feature
 Adult: 3 cephalic alae.  esophagus with double-bulb structure, pointed tail  D-shape ova  Scotch tape method
69
 New world hookworm  American hookworm  American murderer
Necator americanus
70
Necator americanus Infective stage
Filariform larvae
71
Necator americanus MOT
 Skin penetration
72
Necator americanus Host
 Human
73
Necator americanus Habitat
 Small intestine (jejunum)  Transpulmonary migration phase
74
Necator americanus Disease
 Ground itch or coolie itch  Pneumonitis  Iron deficiency anemia (microcytic, hypochromic)
75
Necator americanus Diagnostic tool/feature
 ovoidal. thin-shelled, colorless  2-8 cell stage ova
76
 Old world hookworm  European hookworm  Germ of lazmesa
Ancylostoma duodenale
77
Ancylostoma duodenale Infective stage
Filariform larvae
78
Ancylostoma duodenale MOT
 Skin penetration  Oral and transmammary route *Hypobiosis in the intestine or muscle
79
Ancylostoma duodenale Host
 Human
80
Ancylostoma duodenale Habitat
 Small intestine (jejunum)
81
Ancylostoma duodenale Disease
 Ground itch or coolie itch  Pneumonitis  Iron deficiency anemia (microcytic, hypochromic)
82
Ancylostoma duodenale Diagnostic tool/feature
 ovoidal. thin-shelled, colorless  2-8 cell stage ova
83
 Cat hookworm  Smallest hookworm
Ancylostoma brazlltense
84
Ancylostoma brazlltense Infective stage
Filariform larvae
85
Ancylostoma brazlltense MOT
 Skin penetration
86
Ancylostoma brazlltense Host
 Zoonotic: canids and felids
87
Ancylostoma brazlltense Habitat
 Small intestine
88
Ancylostoma brazlltense Disease
 Cutaneous larva migrans or creeping eruption
89
Ancylostoma brazlltense Diagnostic tool/feature
 ovoidal. thin-shelled. Colorless  2-8 cell stage ova
90
 dog hookworm
Ancylostoma caninum
91
Ancylostoma caninum Infective stage
Filariform larvae
92
Ancylostoma caninum MOT
 Skin penetration  Oral ingestion
93
Ancylostoma caninum Host
 Zoonotic:dogs, wolves, cayotes, and foxes
94
Ancylostoma caninum Habitat
 Small intestine
95
Ancylostoma caninum Disease
 Cutaneous larva migrans or creeping eruption
96
Ancylostoma caninum Diagnostic tool/feature
 ovoidal. thin-shelled, colorless  2-8 cell stage ova
97
 Thread worm  Free living
Strongyloides stercoralis
98
Strongyloides stercoralis Infective stage
Filariform larvae
99
Strongyloides stercoralis MOT
 Skin penetration
100
Strongyloides stercoralis Host
 Primarily Human
101
Strongyloides stercoralis Habitat
 Small intestine
102
Strongyloides stercoralis Disease
 Strongyloidiasis  Larva currens: racing larva  Bronchopneumonia  Chronic bronchitis
103
Strongyloides stercoralis Diagnostic tool/feature
 ovoidal. thin-shelled, colorless  2-4 cell stage ova  Larva in sputum  3 small lips  partenogenic
104
 dog astrid
Toxocara canis
105
Toxocara canis Infective stage
Embryonated ova with L3
106
Toxocara canis MOT
 ingestion of infective eggs  larva penetration  transplacental & transmammary
107
Toxocara canis Host
 dog  AH: Human
108
Toxocara canis Habitat
 Small intestine
109
Toxocara canis Disease
 Visceral toxocariasis: VLM  Ocular toxocariasis: OLM - Irreversible blindness
110
Toxocara canis Diagnostic tool/feature
 Distinct cephalic alae  Longer than broad (bow-like)  Prominent lips
111
 cat astrid
Toxocara catis
112
Toxocara catis Infective stage
Embryonated ova with L3
113
Toxocara catis MOT
 ingestion of infective eggs  larva penetration  transmammary
114
Toxocara catis Host
 cat  AH: Human
115
Toxocara catis Habitat
 Small intestine
116
Toxocara catis Disease
 Visceral toxocariasis: VLM  Ocular toxocariasis: OLM - Irreversible blindness
117
Toxocara catis Diagnostic tool/feature
 Distinct cephalic alae  Longer than broad (bow-like)  Prominent lips
118
 rust colored
Gnathostoma spinigerum
119
Gnathostoma spinigerum Infective stage
Larvae
120
Gnathostoma spinigerum MOT
 eating undercooked fish or poultry-larvae
121
Gnathostoma spinigerum Host
 1 st IH: copepods  2 nd IH: aquatic animals that feed on copepod (fish, amphibians)  Paratenic: snake, duck  AH: Human
122
Gnathostoma spinigerum Habitat
 Gastric wall
123
Gnathostoma spinigerum Disease
 Cutaneous gnathostomiasis/larva migrans profundus (pulmonary, GIT, genitourinary, auricular, ocular tissues, or CNS)  Neuro-gnathostomiasis
124
Gnathostoma spinigerum Diagnostic tool/feature
 Prominent cephalic  Bulb and body spines
125
 Rat lungworm
Angiostronglus (Parastrongylus) cantonensis
126
Angiostronglus (Parastrongylus) cantonensis Infective stage
Larvae
127
Angiostronglus (Parastrongylus) cantonensis MOT
 Accidental ingestion of gastropod or larvae
128
Angiostronglus (Parastrongylus) cantonensis Host
 IH: gastropod (snail or slug)  DH: rats  AH: Human
129
Angiostronglus (Parastrongylus) cantonensis Habitat
 DH: Pulmonary arteries *In human, larvae migrate to brain (occasionally eyes or lungs)
130
Angiostronglus (Parastrongylus) cantonensis Disease
 Human eosinophilic meningitis (neural angiostrongyliasis)  Ocular angiostrongyliasis
131
Angiostronglus (Parastrongylus) cantonensis Diagnostic tool/feature
 Eosinophilia  Computed tomography (CT) scan  Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)  ELISA
132
Wuchereria bancrofti Infective stage
3rd stage filarial larvae
133
Wuchereria bancrofti MOT
Mosquito bite
134
Wuchereria bancrofti Host
 DH: Human  IH: Mosquito (Cutex, Aedes, Anopheles)
135
Wuchereria bancrofti Habitat
 Lymphatics
136
Wuchereria bancrofti Disease
 elephantiasis of the lower extremities o Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia
137
Brugia malayi Infective stage
3rd stage filarial larvae
138
Brugia malayi MOT
Mosquito bite
139
Brugia malayi Host
 DH: Human  IH: Mosquito (Mansonia, Aedes)
140
Brugia malayi Habitat
 Lymphatics
141
Brugia malayi Disease
 elephantiasis of the lower extremities o Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia
142
Brugia timori Infective stage
3rd stage filarial larvae
143
Brugia timori MOT
Mosquito bite
144
Brugia timori Host
 DH: Human  IH: Mosquito (Anopheles)
145
Brugia timori Habitat
 Lymphatics
146
Brugia timori Disease
 Mild, than bancroftian or malayan filariasis
147
 African eye worm
Loaloa
148
Loaloa Infective stage
3rd stage filarial larvae
149
Loaloa MOT
Vector bite
150
Loaloa Host
 DH: Human  IH: Chrysops
151
Loaloa Habitat
 Subcutaneous tissue o Subconjunctival migration of adult
152
Loaloa Disease
 Calabar swelling (episodic angioedema), fugitive swelling  Loiasis
153
Onchocerca volvulus Infective stage
3rd stage filarial larvae
154
Onchocerca volvulus MOT
Vector bite
155
Onchocerca volvulus Host
 IH: blackfly (simulium) bite
156
Onchocerca volvulus Habitat
 Subcutaneous tissue
157
Onchocerca volvulus Disease
 Onchocerciasis, river blindness, dermatitis
158
Mansonella pertans Infective stage
3rd stage filarial larvae
159
Mansonella pertans MOT
Vector bite
160
Mansonella pertans Host
 DH: Human  IH: Midge (Culicoides)
161
Mansonella pertans Habitat
 Subcutaneous tissue
162
Mansonella pertans Disease
 Asymptomatic o Adult migration: transient subcutaneous swelling, pericarditis, pleuritic, ocular symptoms
163
Mansonella ozzardi Infective stage
3rd stage filarial larvae
164
Mansonella ozzardi MOT
Vector bite
165
Mansonella ozzardi Host
 DH: Human, monkey  IH: blackfly (simulium), Midge (Culicoides)
166
Mansonella ozzardi Habitat
 Peritoneal cavity or pleural cavity, less frequently in pericardium
167
Mansonella ozzardi Disease
 Asymptomatic o Fever, pruritis, arthralgia, headache, rashes, lymphadenopathy, edema, and pulmonary symptoms
168
Mansonella streptocerca Infective stage
3rd stage filarial larvae
169
Mansonella streptocerca MOT
Vector bite
170
Mansonella streptocerca Host
 DH: Human, chimpanzee  IH: Midge (Culicoides)
171
Mansonella streptocerca Habitat
 Dermis
172
Mansonella streptocerca Disease
 Asymptomatic o Pruritis, dermatitis, hyperpigmented lesion
173
Dracunculus medinensis Infective stage
Infective larvae
174
Dracunculus medinensis MOT
Drinking unfiltered water containing copepods
175
Dracunculus medinensis Host
 IH: copepods
176
Dracunculus medinensis Habitat
 Subcutaneous tissues
177
Dracunculus medinensis Disease
 Guinea worm disease  Skin infection
178
 Dog hookworm
Dirofilaria immitis
179
Dirofilaria immitis Infective stage
Infective larvae
180
Dirofilaria immitis MOT
Mosquito bite
181
Dirofilaria immitis Host
 Some zoonotic  DH: carnivore (dogs, cayote, jackal, wolf)  IH: mosquito (Cutex, Aedes, Anopheles, Mansonia)
182
Dirofilaria immitis Habitat
 Heart
183
Dirofilaria immitis Disease
 Pulmonary disease  Coin lesion  Papuple ulcers

Parasitology [LEC] (23 decks)

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