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PHYSCI 111A > Discussion 2 Notes > Flashcards

Discussion 2 Notes Flashcards

1
Q

______________ greater length change, force remains the same

A

sarcomere in series

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2
Q

__________________ greater force production. Length change is only 20nm

A

sarcomere in parallel

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3
Q

_______________is the change in length of 1 sarcomere in series

A

20 nm

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4
Q

___________ is a function of the number of working cross bridges per half sarcomere.

A

force

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5
Q

How can you create more force

A

more overlap, More cross bridges, more force produced

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6
Q

what are the 3 ways to generate force

A
  • optimize sarcomere length
  • Increa Ca2+ via neural input
  • Increase sarcomeres or muscle in parallel
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7
Q

Chad wants to get big and lift heavy he should

A

get more sarcomeres in parallel

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8
Q

Chad does not want to wait long what should

A
  • optimize sarcomere length

- modify neural input

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9
Q

________ is determined by muscle stiffness.

A

passive tension

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10
Q

passive tension is a resistance to _________________ in structure

A

deformation or conformational change

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11
Q

passive tension increase as we pass ________________

A

resting length of sarcomeres (2.1 μm)

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12
Q

What is the extracellular component of muscle stiffness

A

collagen

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13
Q

what is the intracellular component of stiffness

A

titan

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14
Q

titan Spans

A

whole half of sarcomere

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15
Q

Length tension curve:

V max for muscle unload muscle until

A

3.6 μm

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16
Q

Length tension curve

velocity decreases as you increase the

A

after load

  • weight is opposing the force produced by cross bridges
  • velocity when after load is f max-1.6 max
  • negative velocity in the opposite direction you want (muscle lengthening)
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17
Q

Velocity decreases as you increase

A

muscle length because longer muscle from Manuel stretching and less cross bridges are available

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18
Q

what Are the 3 types of contraction

A
  • concentric
  • Isometric
  • eccentric
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19
Q

_____________ a muscle shortens while contracting (+v)

A

concentric

20
Q

_____________ a muscle doesn’t change length while contracting (v-=0)

A

isometric

21
Q

__________ muscle lengthens while contracting (-v)

A

eccentric

22
Q

_________________ process of electrical stimulation (AP) initiation muscle contraction via triggering of intracellular Ca 2++ release

A

excitation of contraction coupling (ECC)

23
Q

Where is excitation of contraction coupling initiated

A

at neuromuscular junction (NMJ)

24
Q

______________ is the postsynaptic membrane of a muscle fiber

A

sarcolemma

25
Q

what covers the sarcolemma

A

basement membrane

26
Q

___________ is a NMJ receptor on muscle fiber membrane that is a ligand gated NA channel

A

ACHR

27
Q

_____________ are NMJ receptors located all over sarcolemma

A

violtage gattet sodium channels

28
Q

___________________ on sarcolemma basement membrane. Breaks down acetylcholine to stop exciting muscles

A

ACHE

29
Q

___________ specializations in my-fiber membrane (sarcolemma) to rapidly propagate Ca 2+.

A

T tubules

30
Q

T tubules wrap around what

A

the myofibrils

31
Q

____________ is rich in CA2+ storage.

A

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

32
Q

How is calcium let out of the SR

A

RYR receptors

33
Q

SR uses _________ on its membrane to pump calcium against its concentration gradient

A

calcium pump

34
Q

__________ link the T tubules and the SR

A

feet link

35
Q

What is involved in bringing calcium from T tubules to VG ca channels

A

DHP R

36
Q

What is involved in bringing calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to the calcium gated channels

A

RYR receptors

37
Q

what are the steps of the excitation event

A
  1. depolarize NMJ via presynaptic signal
  2. synaptic Ach vesicle five with presumaptic membrane and can release ACH
  3. ACh binds to AchR
  4. AchR opens to let the NA center muscle fibers. Ache hydrolyze Ach after it bound to close ACHR and stop NA flow
  5. T tubule depolarizes
  6. DHPR opens which mechanically opens RYR
  7. Calcium release from SR
  8. Calcium Pump is maintained
  9. muscle contracts
38
Q

__________ G actin, troponin, tropomyosin

A

Thin filament

39
Q

____________ mhc, mlc

A

thick filament

40
Q

_________ binds ot calcium

A

TNC

41
Q

____________ inhibits binding of MHC

A

TnI

42
Q

__________ binds tropomyosin

A

TnT

43
Q

Ca and cross bridge explained

A
  • Ca binds to TNC
  • TNC has conformation, rolls troponin complex toward groove by G actins
  • binding site MHC head is exposed, mhc head bi ending to G actin. This is amplified Ca2+ binding
  • by moving, troponin complex. More of 1 tropmysin to exposed 7G actin this amplified CA 2+ binding
  • Increasing frequency of depolarization
44
Q

____________ phosphatecronin PG gives up high energy bond to make ATp
. Catalyzed by creatine phosphokinase , can be rephosphorylated, good for abrupt intense work

A

high energy phosphate system

45
Q

aerobic metabolism.

A

Glycolysis. Breakdown of glucose in glycogen form to produce ATP. Last no O2 and low yield 2ATP rapidly repeated

46
Q

aerobic metabolism

A

-slow requires o2. high yield, 3 Atp

good for endurance

PHYSCI 111A (20 decks)

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