DISCONTINUITIES Flashcards
1. A blow-hole is the same thing as:
- A special hole at the end of welds in pipe for relief of blowdown pressure
- An open gas pocket
- A crater caused by CO2
- A purge opening
1. A blow-hole is the same thing as:
b. An open gas pocket
2. Which of the following is least likely to affect service performance?
a. Undercut
b. Conformity of welds to appearance standards
c. Overlap
d. Dimensional inaccuracies
2. Which of the following is least likely to affect service performance?
b. Conformity of welds to appearance standards
3. The figure to the right indicates:
a. Incomplete fusion
b. Inadequate penetration
c. Underfill
d. “a” and “c” above
e. None of the above
3. The figure to the right indicates:
a. Incomplete fusion
4. The figure to the right indicates:
a. Root crack
b. Incomplete penetration
c. Lack of fusion
d. Hollow bead
4. The figure to the right indicates:
b. Incomplete penetration
5. The figure to the right indicates:
a. Porosity
b. Slag
c. Crack
d. Weld line
5. The figure to the right indicates:
c. Crack
6. Blow holes are internal cavities in weld caused by trapped:
a. Slag
b. Gas bubbles
c. Dust and dirt
d. Filler metal impurities
6. Blow holes are internal cavities in weld caused by trapped:
b. Gas bubbles
7. What are bits of slag, flux, oxides, or dirt trapped inside a weld called?
a. Blow holes
b. Inclusions
c. Exclusions
d. Penetrants
7. What are bits of slag, flux, oxides, or dirt trapped inside a weld called?
b. Inclusions
8. The figure #9 to the right is an example of:
a. Cold lap
b. Excessive convexity
c. Overfill
d. Overlap
8. The figure #9 to the right is an example of:
d. Overlap
9. The figure #10 to the right is an example of:
a. Insufficient throat
b. Insufficient leg
c. Undercut
d. Excessive convexity
9. The figure #10 to the right is an example of:
c. Undercut
10. Why is excessive convexity considered a weld defect?
a. Conceals porosity
b. Produces greater distortion forces
c. Concentrates stresses under load
d. Reduces the strength of the base metal
10. Why is excessive convexity considered a weld defect?
c. Concentrates stresses under load
11. Which of the following statements does NOT apply to crater crack?
a. Usually appears when the welding operation is interrupted
b. Crater cracks are usually star-shaped
c. Crater cracks progress only to the edge of the crater
d. Crater cracks always form into longitudinal weld cracks
11. Which of the following statements does NOT apply to crater crack?
d. Crater cracks always form into longitudinal weld cracks
12. What form of testing applies to WELD or BASE metal properties?
a. Visual inspection with proper mechanical gages and fixtures
b. Nondestructive testing
c. Destructive testing
d. All of the above
12. What form of testing applies to WELD or BASE metal properties?
c. Destructive testing
13. A crack running down the center of the weld from a weld crater is caused by:
a. Improper termination of a weld pass
b. Contamination from the base metal
c. Too wide a root gap
d. High current
e. Welding too slow
13. A crack running down the center of the weld from a weld crater is caused by:
a. Improper termination of a weld pass
14. A common flaw found in SAW is:
a. Burn through
b. Tungsten inclusion
c. External undercut
d. Porosity
14. A common flaw found in SAW is:
d. Porosity
15. Flaw “A” at right is called:
a. Root cracking
b. A heat sink
c. Underfill
d. Undercut
e. Suck back
15. Flaw “A” at right is called:
c. Underfill
16. A welder tells the Welding Inspector that he is confident that gas was trapped in his weld. Subsequent RT examination can verify this by identifying which of the flaws within the weld?
a. Slag inclusion
b. Oxide inclusion
c. Porosity
d. Lack of fusion
e. None of the above
16. A welder tells the Welding Inspector that he is confident that gas was trapped in his weld. Subsequent RT examination can verify this by identifying which of the flaws within the weld?
c. Porosity
17. During post-weld inspection, RT showed periodic conditions oftungsten inclusions. Follow-• up inspection should include checking for:
a. Dirty electrodes
b. Too low a current setting
c. Improper cleaning of the base metal
d. The welder dipping the GTAW electrode in the puddle
e. None of the above
17. During post-weld inspection, RT showed periodic conditions oftungsten inclusions. Follow-• up inspection should include checking for:
d. The welder dipping the GTAW electrode in the puddle
18. The flaw at “F” is a:
a. Weld interface crack
b. Transverse crack
c. Longitudinal crack
d. Incomplete fusion
e. Longitudinal delamination
18. The flaw at “F” is a:
c. Longitudinal crack
19. The flaw at “G” is a:
a. Transverse inclusion
b. Transverse crack
c. Longitudinal crack
d. Heat-affected zone crack
e. Transverse microfissure
19. The flaw at “G” is a:
b. Transverse crack
20: The flaw at “H” is a:
a. High-low fit-up
b. Longitudinal delamination
c. Lamellar tear
d. Heat-affected zone crack
e. Plate lamination
20: The flaw at “H” is a:
d. Heat-affected zone crack
21. The flaw at “I” is a:
a. Underbead crack
b. Gas pocket
c. Wagon track
d. Lamellar tear
e. Delamination
21. The flaw at “I” is a:
a. Underbead crack
22: The flaw at “J” is a:
a. Crater crack
b. Quench crack
c. Metallic crack
d. Plate cold lap
e. Root crack
22: The flaw at “J” is a:
e. Root crack
23. Which defect is illustrated by the picture below?
a. Lap
b. Seam
c. Incomplete fusion
d. Lamination
e. Delamination
23. Which defect is illustrated by the picture below?
e. Delamination
24. What criteria must an inspector use to judge whether a discontinuity is serious enough to reject the weldment?
a. Nondestructive tests
b. The subjective judgment of the inspector
c. Conditions set down in the acceptance standard, code, or specification for the specific job
d. How the weld looks
24. What criteria must an inspector use to judge whether a discontinuity is serious enough to reject the weldment?
c. Conditions set down in the acceptance standard, code, or specification for the specific job
25. Where does the gas which causes porosity come from?
a. Gas used in the welding process
b. Gas released from chemical reactions occurring during the welding process
c. Both “a” and “b”
d. None of the above
25. Where does the gas which causes porosity come from?
C. Both “a” and “b”
a. Gas used in the welding process
b. Gas released from chemical reactions occurring during the welding process
26. If linear porosity is aligned along a joint boundary, what cause is suspected?
a. Lack of shielding
b. Excessive heat applied
c. Contamination near the boundary
d. Wind on that side of joint
26. If linear porosity is aligned along a joint boundary, what cause is suspected?
c. Contamination near the boundary
27. Weld specification calls for filler metal in accordance with SFA 5.20-99. What document is this?
a. Society of Foundry Associates (to repair castings)
b. ASME specification for filler metal
c. City of San Francisco Building Code (1999 Issue)
d. AWS Specification for filler metal
27. Weld specification calls for filler metal in accordance with SFA 5.20-99. What document is this?
b. ASME specification for filler metal
28. What is the difference between porosity and inclusions?
a. Porosity consists of bubbles in the weld while inclusions are forms of cracks
b. Porosity is caused entrapped gas while inclusions are entrapped solid particles
c. Porosity and inclusions are the same. There is no difference.
d. Porosity is caused by trapped slag and inclusions are caused by entrapped gas
28. What is the difference between porosity and inclusions?
b. Porosity is caused entrapped gas while inclusions are entrapped solid particles
29. What type of discontinuity is shown at “C” in the sketch below?
a. Incomplete fusion
b. Inadequate joint penetration
c. Underfill
29. What type of discontinuity is shown at “C” in the sketch below?
a. Incomplete fusion
30. Which of the following discontinuities demonstrates incomplete fusion?
a. “A”
b. “B”
c. “C”
d. All of the above
30. Which of the following discontinuities demonstrates incomplete fusion?
D. All of the above
a. “A”
b. “B”
c. “C”
31. What type of discontinuity is present at the locations shown below?
a. Undercut
b. Underfill
c. Inadequate joint penetration
31. What type of discontinuity is present at the locations shown below?
b. Underfill
32. What characteristic is always common to discontinuities that demonstrate incomplete
fusion?
a. All are caused by stresses not associated with welding
b. All originate in the base metal, not in the weld
c. All run parallel to the surface
32. What characteristic is always common to discontinuities that demonstrate incomplete
fusion?
c. All run parallel to the surface
33. When can cracking associated with the welding process occur?
a. When applying heat after the weld is cooled
b. When the weld is cooling off
c. A few days after the weld is cool
d. Both “a” and “b”
e. “a”, “b” and “c”
33. When can cracking associated with the welding process occur?
E. “a”, “b” and “c”
a. When applying heat after the weld is cooled
b. When the weld is cooling off
c. A few days after the weld is cool
34. What discontinuity would give rise to a series of remelted dots beside a weld, resembling a match scratch?
a. Linear porosity
b. Aligned microporosity
c. Arc strikes
d. None of these
34. What discontinuity would give rise to a series of remelted dots beside a weld, resembling a match scratch?
c. Arc strikes
35. What type of discontinuity is shown below in the cross section view?
a. An underbead crack
b. A crater crack
c. Porosity
d. Tungsten
35. What type of discontinuity is shown below in the cross section view?
c. Porosity
36. What type of discontinuity is shown bellow?
a. A plate lamination
b. An underbead crack
c. An undercut
d. A seam
36. What type of discontinuity is shown bellow?
a. A plate lamination
37. What NOT qualifications must you have to perform m:mdestrm:tive inspection under AWS 01.1 Code?
a. No requirements or qualifications
b. ASNT document SCT-TC-1A, Level
c. SNT-TC-1A, Level II
d. Training per the customer’s specification only
37. What NOT qualifications must you have to perform m:mdestrm:tive inspection under AWS 01.1 Code?
c. SNT-TC-1A, Level II
38. What ASME welds may a qualified welder make?
a. Welds that will remain in the vessel
b. Welds that will be chipped out
c. Welds that will become part of a pressure containing weld
d. All of the above
38. What ASME welds may a qualified welder make?
D. All of the above
a. Welds that will remain in the vessel
b. Welds that will be chipped out
c. Welds that will become part of a pressure containing weld
39. A discontinuity is:
a. Always a defect
b. Always a reject
c. Always acceptable
d. Rejeclable if it exceeds code limits
39. A discontinuity is:
d. Rejeclable if it exceeds code limits
40. The criticality of a particular weld discontinuity can be judged on the basis of:
a. Whether it is surface or subsurface
b. Whether it is linear or nonlinear
c. Whether it has a sharp end condition
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
40. The criticality of a particular weld discontinuity can be judged on the basis of:
D. All of the above
a. Whether it is surface or subsurface
b. Whether it is linear or nonlinear
c. Whether it has a sharp end condition
41. What discontinuity is generally considered to be the most severe?
a. Porosity
b. Incomplete fusion
c. Slag inclusion
d. Crack
e. Arc strike
41. What discontinuity is generally considered to be the most severe?
d. Crack
42. Which of the following discontinuities is least likely to be seen visually?
a. Toe crack
b. Undercut
c. Lamellar tear
d. Overlap
42. Which of the following discontinuities is least likely to be seen visually?
c. Lamellar tear
43. Underbead cracks can result from which of the following welding practices?
a. Use of wet electrodes
b. Welding on contaminated steels
c. Welding over paint
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
43. Underbead cracks can result from which of the following welding practices?
D. All of the above
a. Use of wet electrodes
b. Welding on contaminated steels
c. Welding over paint
44. The weld disccmtinui!y which results from improper lerminalion of lhe welding arc is referred to as:
a. Undercut
b. Overlap
c. Crater crack
d. Incomplete fusion
e. All of the above
44. The weld disccmtinui!y which results from improper lerminalion of lhe welding arc is referred to as:
c. Crater crack
45. All but which of the following processes may result in the presence of slag inclusions in the completed weld?
a. SMAW
b. PAW
c. FCAW
d. SAW
e. None of the above
45. All but which of the following processes may result in the presence of slag inclusions in the completed weld?
b. PAW
46. That discontinuity which results from the entrapment of gas within the weld cross section is referred to as:
a. Crack
b. Slag inclusion
c. Incomplete fusion
d. Porosity
e. None of the above
46. That discontinuity which results from the entrapment of gas within the weld cross section is referred to as:
d. Porosity
47. What base metal discontinuity, located at the weld toe, is caused by the welder traveling too rapidly?
a. Underfill
b. Undercut
c. Incomplete fusion
d. Overlap
e. None of the above
47. What base metal discontinuity, located at the weld toe, is caused by the welder traveling too rapidly?
b. Undercut
48. What weld discontinuity results when the welder travels too slowly causing excess weld metal to pour out of the joint and lay on the base metal surface without fusing?
a. Undercut
b. Cold lap
c. Overlap
d. Incomplete fusion
e. Cold roll
48. What weld discontinuity results when the welder travels too slowly causing excess weld metal to pour out of the joint and lay on the base metal surface without fusing?
c. Overlap
49. What weld metal discontinuity results when the welder fails to completely fill the weld groove?
a. Underfill
b. Undercut
c. Overlap
d. Incomplete fusion
e. None of the above
49. What weld metal discontinuity results when the welder fails to completely fill the weld groove?
a. Underfill
50. Excessive weld metal buildup on a groove weld is referred to as:
a. Excess convexity
b. Excess weld reinforcement
c. Overfill
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
50. Excessive weld metal buildup on a groove weld is referred to as:
b. Excess weld reinforcement
51. The weld discontinuity which results from the initiation of the welding arc outside the weld joint is referred to as:
a. Incomplete fusion
b. Undercut
c. Overlap
d. Scratch start
e. Arc strike
51. The weld discontinuity which results from the initiation of the welding arc outside the weld joint is referred to as:
e. Arc strike
52. What weld discontinuity shows up as a light region on a radiograph?
a. Porosity
b. Tungsten inclusion
c. Excess weld reinforcement
d. “a” and “b” above
e. “b” and “c” above
52. What weld discontinuity shows up as a light region on a radiograph?
E. “b” and “c” above
b. Tungsten inclusion
c. Excess weld reinforcement
53. What base metal discontinuity results from improper steelmaking practice and is associated with the rolled surface?
a. Lamination
b. Delamination
c. Seam
d. Crack
e. None of the above
53. What base metal discontinuity results from improper steelmaking practice and is associated with the rolled surface?
c. Seam
ANSWER SHEET
