(8) WELDING METALLURGY FOR THE WELDING INSPECTOR Flashcards
Q8-1
As a metal is heated:
a. energy is added to the structure
b. the atoms move further apart
c. the atoms vibrate more vigorously
d. the metal expands
e. all of the above
Q8-1
As a metal is heated:
E. all of the above
a. energy is added to the structure
b. the atoms move further apart
c. the atoms vibrate more vigorously
d. the metal expands
Q8-2
The state of matter which exhibits the least amount of energy is:
a. solid
b. liquid
c. gas
d. quasi-liquid
e. none of the above
Q8-2
The state of matter which exhibits the least amount of energy is:
a. solid
Q8-3 A problem occurring in weldments caused by the non-uniform heating produced by the welding operation is:
a. porosity
b. incomplete fusion
c. distortion
d. slag inclusions
e. none of the above
Q8-3
A problem occurring in weldments caused by the non-uniform heating produced by the welding operation is:
c. distortion
Q8-4
Which of the following is not a method used to eliminate or reduce residual stresses?
a. vibratory stress relief
b. external restraint
c. thermal stress relief
d. peening
e. annealing
Q8-4
Which of the following is not a method used to eliminate or reduce residual stresses?
b. external restraint
Q8-5
The type of alloying in which the alloy atoms are located in the spaces between the atoms of the parent metal is referred to as:
a. atomic alloying
b. substitutional alloying
c. space alloying
d. interstitial alloying
e. none of the above
Q8-5
The type of alloying in which the alloy atoms are located in the spaces between the atoms of the parent metal is referred to as:
d. interstitial alloying
Q8-6
Rapid quenching of steel from the austenitic range results in a hard, brittle structure known as:
a. pearlite
b. carbide
c. cementite
d. ironite
e. martensite
Q8-6
Rapid quenching of steel from the austenitic range results in a hard, brittle structure known as:
e. martensite
Q8-7
Very slow cooling of steel may result in the production of a soft, ductile microstructure which has a lamellar appearance when viewed under high magnification. This structure is referred to as:
a. martensite
b. pearlite
c. bainite
d. ferrite
e. cementite
Q8-7
Very slow cooling of steel may result in the production of a soft, ductile microstructure which has a lamellar appearance when viewed under high magnification. This structure is referred to as:
b. pearlite
Q8-8
When rapid cooling produces a martensitic structure, what sub-critical heat treatment may be applied to improve the ductility of the steel?
a. quenching
b. tempering
c. annealing
d. normalizing
e. none of the above
Q8-8
When rapid cooling produces a martensitic structure, what sub-critical heat treatment may be applied to improve the ductility of the steel?
b. tempering
Q8-9
It is determined that a welding procedure is creating an excessive heat input. Which of the changes listed below would result in a reduction of the heat input?
a. decrease current
b. decrease voltage
c. increase travel speed
d. change from weave to stringer bead technique
e. all of the above
Q8-9
It is determined that a welding procedure is creating an excessive heat input. Which of the changes listed below would result in a reduction of the heat input?
E. all of the above
a. decrease current
b. decrease voltage
c. increase travel speed
d. change from weave to stringer bead technique
Q8-10
The use of preheat will tend to:
a. result in a wider heat-affected zone
b. produce lower heat-affected zone hardness
c. slow down the cooling rate
d. reduce the tendency to produce martensite in the heat-affected zone
e. all of the above
Q8-10
The use of preheat will tend to:
E. all of the above
a. result in a wider heat-affected zone
b. produce lower heat-affected zone hardness
c. slow down the cooling rate
d. reduce the tendency to produce martensite in the heat-affected zone
Q8-11
Which of the following changes will warrant an addition or increase in the required preheat?
a. decreased carbon equivalent
b. increased carbon equivalent
c. increased base metal thickness
d. a and c above
e. b and c above
Q8-11
Which of the following changes will warrant an addition or increase in the required preheat?
E. b and c above
b. increased carbon equivalent
c. increased base metal thickness
Q8-12
What heat treatment is characterized by holding the part at the austenitizing temperature for some time and then slow cooling in the furnace?
a. normalizing
b. quenching
c. annealing
d. tempering
e. stress relief
Q8-12
What heat treatment is characterized by holding the part at the austenitizing temperature for some time and then slow cooling in the furnace?
c. annealing
Q8-13
What heat treatment is characterized by holding the part at the austenitizing temperature for some time and then cooling in still air?
a. normalizing
b. quenching
c. annealing
d. tempering
e. stress relief
Q8-13
What heat treatment is characterized by holding the part at the austenitizing temperature for some time and then cooling in still air?
a. normalizing
Q8-14
Steel heated above the lower transformation temperature (A1) will change metallurgical structure. This temperature is:
a. 1333°F
b. 933°F
c. 1560°F
d. 3600°C
e. none of the above
Q8-14
Steel heated above the lower transformation temperature (A1) will change metallurgical structure. This temperature is:
a. 1333°F
Q8-15
Atoms in the solid (frozen) state:
a. have a specific “home” position
b. have no distinct structure
c. are essentially fixed in a definite structured position
d. a and c above
e. none of the above
Q8-15
Atoms in the solid (frozen) state:
D. a and c above
a. have a specific “home” position
c. are essentially fixed in a definite structured position
Q8-16
What is the heat input for a molten weld pool at 5 ipm travel speed, 25 volts, and 100 amperes? (Refer to page 10-8 for Formula)
a. 300 J/in
b. 300 000 J/in
c. 30 000 J/in
d. 3.633 J/in
e. none of the above
Q8-16
What is the heat input for a molten weld pool at 5 ipm travel speed, 25 volts, and 100 amperes? (Refer to page 10-8 for Formula)
c. 30 000 J/in
Q8-17
One way that atoms are added to a pure metal to form an alloy is:
a. peening
b. substitutionally
c. automatically
d. solidification
e. sensitizing
Q8-17
One way that atoms are added to a pure metal to form an alloy is:
b. substitutionally
Q8-18
The process where carbon is added to the surface of a steel to harden it is:
a. decarburization
b. pack carburizing
c. precipitation hardening
d. quenching
e. none of the above
Q8-18
The process where carbon is added to the surface of a steel to harden it is:
b. pack carburizing
Q8-19
Steel exists in which of the following crystal structures?
a. HCP
b. FCC
c. BCC
d. all of the above
e. BCT
Q8-19
Steel exists in which of the following crystal structures?
D. all of the above
a. HCP
b. FCC
c. BCC
Q8-20
Which of the following usually follows quenching?
a. tempering
b. stress relieving
c. normalizing
d. annealing
e. none of the above
Q8-20
Which of the following usually follows quenching?
a. tempering
Q8-21
Which of the following can be accomplished using either thermal or mechanical techniques?
a. annealing
b. tempering
c. quenching
d. stress relieving
e. none of the above
Q8-21
Which of the following can be accomplished using either thermal or mechanical techniques?
d. stress relieving
Q8-22
Which of the following results in the softest condition for carbon steel?
a. annealing
b. quenching
c. stress relieving
d. tempering
e. normalizing
Q8-22
Which of the following results in the softest condition for carbon steel?
a. annealing
Q8-23
For a steel having a chemical composition of: 0.16% carbon, 0.84% manganese, 0.09% nickel, 0.25% chromium, 0.052% copper, and 0.40% molybdenum, what is its Carbon Equivalent?
a. 0.23
b. 0.34
c. 0.37
d. 0.41
e. 0.46
Q8-23
For a steel having a chemical composition of: 0.16% carbon, 0.84% manganese, 0.09% nickel, 0.25% chromium, 0.052% copper, and 0.40% molybdenum, what is its Carbon Equivalent?
e. 0.46
Q8-24
Stainless steels are defined as having at least what percent chromium?
a. 7%
b. 12%
c. 15%
d. 20%
e. 30%
Q8-24
Stainless steels are defined as having at least what percent chromium?
b. 12%
Q8-25
Sensitization, or carbide precipitation, of austenitic stainless steels can be reduced by which of the following methods?
a. solution annealing, water quenching
b. using stabilized grades containing titanium or niobium (columbium)
c. using the low carbon grades of stainless steels
d. all of the above
e. using high carbon stainless steels
Q8-25
Sensitization, or carbide precipitation, of austenitic stainless steels can be reduced by which of the following methods?
D. all of the above
a. solution annealing, water quenching
b. using stabilized grades containing titanium or niobium (columbium)
c. using the low carbon grades of stainless steels
Q8-26
Metals must be molten for diffusion to occur.
a. true
b. false
Q8-26
Metals must be molten for diffusion to occur.
b. false
Q8-27
Hydrogen can diffuse into a solid metal at room temperature.
a. true
b. false
Q8-27
Hydrogen can diffuse into a solid metal at room temperature.
a. true
Q8-28
Metals can diffuse into each other when both are in the solid form.
a. true
b. false
Q8-28
Metals can diffuse into each other when both are in the solid form.
a. true
Q8-29
The process whereby nitrogen diffuses into the surface of carbon steel is:
a. sensitization
b. nitrogen removal
c. carburizing
d. nitriding
e. none of the above
Q8-29
The process whereby nitrogen diffuses into the surface of carbon steel is:
d. nitriding
Q8-30
Welding metallurgy is concerned with the changes in the metals during welding.
a. true
b. false
Q8-30
Welding metallurgy is concerned with the changes in the metals during welding.
a. true
2008 ANSWER KEY—CHAPTER 8
ANSWER KEY—CHAPTER 8
Q8-1 e (pg. 8-2, 8-3)
Q8-2 a (pg. 8-3)
Q8-3 c (pg. 8-13)
Q8-4 b (pg. 8-14)
Q8-5 d (pg. 8-5)
Q8-6 e (pg. 8-8)
Q8-7 b (pg. 8-7)
Q8-8 b (pg. 8-9)
Q8-9 e (pg. 8-9, 8-10)
Q8-10 e (pg. 8-10)
Q8-11 e (pg. 8-12)
Q8-12 c (pg. 8-13)
Q8-13 a (pg. 8-13)
Q8-14 a (pg. 8-6)
Q8-15 d (pg. 8-3)
Q8-16 c (pg. 8-9)
Q8-17 b (pg. 8-6)
Q8-18 b (pg. 8-16)
Q8-19 d (pg. 8-4)
Q8-20 a (pg. 8-9)
Q8-21 d (pg. 8-13, 8-14)
Q8-22 a (pg. 8-13)
Q8-23 e (pg. 8-12)
Q8-24 b (pg. 8-16)
Q8-25 d (pg. 8-16, 8-17)
Q8-26 b (pg. 8-15)
Q8-27 a (pg. 8-15)
Q8-28 a (pg. 8-15)
Q8-29 d (pg. 8-16)
Q8-30 a (pg. 8-2)
