Digestive System

Question 1

SI Sections

Answer 1

Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum

Question 2

Swallowing (Deglutition)

Answer 2

Voluntary (skeletal), Involuntary (smooth)

Question 3

Mechanical Digestion

Answer 3

Teeth, chewing -> creates bolus

Question 4

Chemical Digestion

Answer 4

Saliva, much, stomach acid

Question 5

Sphincter

Answer 5

Guards openings, circular, lower esophageal sphincter

Question 6

Stomach Muscle Layers

Answer 6

Longitudinal, circular, oblique

Question 7

Essential Nutrient

Answer 7

Have to consume (9 AAs)

Question 8

Nonessential Nutrient

Answer 8

Can be made in body

Question 9

Ampula of Vader

Answer 9

Bile and Pancreas Enzymes mix

Question 10

Gut flow Produced Vitamins

Answer 10

B1-B3, B12, K

Question 11

Stomach

Answer 11

Initial digestion and storage of food

Question 12

Stomach Acid Secretion

Answer 12

Chemical breakdown, inactivate toxins, destroy bacteria

Question 13

Cardiac Sphincter

Answer 13

Allows food to enter from the esophagus, prevents regurgitation

Question 14

Pyloric Sphincter

Answer 14

Prevents solid food from passing into the intestine, opens to release chyme

Question 15

Chyme

Answer 15

low pH liquid slurry

Question 16

Rugae of Mucosa

Answer 16

Extensions in the stomach for storage

Question 17

Gastric Glands

Answer 17

Tubular glands in the stomach wall, secrete about 2 liters of gastric juice a day

Question 18

Chief Cells

Answer 18

Secrete pepsinogen

Question 19

Pepsin

Answer 19

activated by acidic environment, splits certain peptide bonds and releases amino acids, present in the stomach of vertebrates

Question 20

Mucous Cells

Answer 20

Secrete mucous

Question 21

Parietal Cells

Answer 21

Secrete HCl, IF

Question 22

HCl

Answer 22

Chloride shift in blood

Question 23

IF

Answer 23

Aids in Ca2+ uptake, reabsorbs B12

Question 24

G Cells

Answer 24

Secrete hormone gastrin into the bloodstream

Question 25

Rennin

Answer 25

"chymosin", a milk-curdling enzyme, found in stomachs of nursing-age ruminants

Question 26

Cephalic Stage

Answer 26

Food recognition

Question 27

Gastric Stage

Answer 27

Muscle contraction

Question 28

Hepatocytes

Answer 28

Liver Cells

Question 29

Liver

Answer 29

Storehouse for glycogen produces proteins, detoxifies, metabolism of fat, produces bile

Question 30

Bile

Answer 30

Secreted by the liver, stored in the gall bladder, and transported to small intestine, contains water, salts, phospholipids, reduces fat droplets to smaller sizes

Question 31

Trypsin/Chymotrypsin

Answer 31

Proteases that split apart peptide bonds

Question 32

Carboxypeptidase

Answer 32

Removes amino acids from carboxyl ends of polypeptides

Question 33

Pancreatic Lipase

Answer 33

Hydrolyzes fats into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 34

Pancreatic Amylase

Answer 34

Starch-splitting enzyme identical to salivary amylase

Question 35

Nucleases

Answer 35

Degrade RNA and DNA to nucleotides

Question 36

Villi

Answer 36

Minute finger-like projections of lining present in some vertebrates

Question 37

Microvilli

Answer 37

Highly folded regions on the free surface of lining cells

Question 38

Main Carbohydrates

Answer 38

Glycogen, starch, cellulose, chitin

Question 39

HDL

Answer 39

Low Cholesterol, High Protein

Question 40

LDL

Answer 40

High Cholesterol, Low Protein

Question 41

VLDL

Answer 41

Very low-density lipoprotein

Question 42

Large Intestine

Answer 42

Consolidates undigested material as semisolid feces, reabsorption of water is an important large intestine function, 1/3 of dry weight is bacteria

Question 43

Gastrin

Answer 43

Small polypeptide hormone, produced by endocrine cells in the pyloric stomach (G cells), stomach produces and stomach target

Question 44

CCK

Answer 44

Secreted by endocrine cells in the wall of the upper small intestine in response to fatty acids and amino acids in the duodenum, stimulates the release of bile and pancreatic secretions

Question 45

Secretin

Answer 45

1st hormone identified, produced by endocrine cells in the duodenal wall, secreted in response to food and strong acid in the stomach and small intestine, aids fat digestion by inhibiting gastric motility and increasing bile secretion from liver