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Physiology and Anatomy > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

SI Sections

A

Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum

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2
Q

Swallowing (Deglutition)

A

Voluntary (skeletal), Involuntary (smooth)

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3
Q

Mechanical Digestion

A

Teeth, chewing -> creates bolus

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4
Q

Chemical Digestion

A

Saliva, much, stomach acid

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5
Q

Sphincter

A

Guards openings, circular, lower esophageal sphincter

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6
Q

Stomach Muscle Layers

A

Longitudinal, circular, oblique

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7
Q

Essential Nutrient

A

Have to consume (9 AAs)

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8
Q

Nonessential Nutrient

A

Can be made in body

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9
Q

Ampula of Vader

A

Bile and Pancreas Enzymes mix

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10
Q

Gut flow Produced Vitamins

A

B1-B3, B12, K

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11
Q

Stomach

A

Initial digestion and storage of food

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12
Q

Stomach Acid Secretion

A

Chemical breakdown, inactivate toxins, destroy bacteria

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13
Q

Cardiac Sphincter

A

Allows food to enter from the esophagus, prevents regurgitation

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14
Q

Pyloric Sphincter

A

Prevents solid food from passing into the intestine, opens to release chyme

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15
Q

Chyme

A

low pH liquid slurry

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16
Q

Rugae of Mucosa

A

Extensions in the stomach for storage

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17
Q

Gastric Glands

A

Tubular glands in the stomach wall, secrete about 2 liters of gastric juice a day

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18
Q

Chief Cells

A

Secrete pepsinogen

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19
Q

Pepsin

A

activated by acidic environment, splits certain peptide bonds and releases amino acids, present in the stomach of vertebrates

20
Q

Mucous Cells

A

Secrete mucous

21
Q

Parietal Cells

A

Secrete HCl, IF

22
Q

HCl

A

Chloride shift in blood

23
Q

IF

A

Aids in Ca2+ uptake, reabsorbs B12

24
Q

G Cells

A

Secrete hormone gastrin into the bloodstream

25
Q

Rennin

A

“chymosin”, a milk-curdling enzyme, found in stomachs of nursing-age ruminants

26
Q

Cephalic Stage

A

Food recognition

27
Q

Gastric Stage

A

Muscle contraction

28
Q

Hepatocytes

A

Liver Cells

29
Q

Liver

A

Storehouse for glycogen produces proteins, detoxifies, metabolism of fat, produces bile

30
Q

Bile

A

Secreted by the liver, stored in the gall bladder, and transported to small intestine, contains water, salts, phospholipids, reduces fat droplets to smaller sizes

31
Q

Trypsin/Chymotrypsin

A

Proteases that split apart peptide bonds

32
Q

Carboxypeptidase

A

Removes amino acids from carboxyl ends of polypeptides

33
Q

Pancreatic Lipase

A

Hydrolyzes fats into fatty acids and glycerol

34
Q

Pancreatic Amylase

A

Starch-splitting enzyme identical to salivary amylase

35
Q

Nucleases

A

Degrade RNA and DNA to nucleotides

36
Q

Villi

A

Minute finger-like projections of lining present in some vertebrates

37
Q

Microvilli

A

Highly folded regions on the free surface of lining cells

38
Q

Main Carbohydrates

A

Glycogen, starch, cellulose, chitin

39
Q

HDL

A

Low Cholesterol, High Protein

40
Q

LDL

A

High Cholesterol, Low Protein

41
Q

VLDL

A

Very low-density lipoprotein

42
Q

Large Intestine

A

Consolidates undigested material as semisolid feces, reabsorption of water is an important large intestine function, 1/3 of dry weight is bacteria

43
Q

Gastrin

A

Small polypeptide hormone, produced by endocrine cells in the pyloric stomach (G cells), stomach produces and stomach target

44
Q

CCK

A

Secreted by endocrine cells in the wall of the upper small intestine in response to fatty acids and amino acids in the duodenum, stimulates the release of bile and pancreatic secretions

45
Q

Secretin

A

1st hormone identified, produced by endocrine cells in the duodenal wall, secreted in response to food and strong acid in the stomach and small intestine, aids fat digestion by inhibiting gastric motility and increasing bile secretion from liver

Physiology and Anatomy (15 decks)

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