Chapter 3 - Cellular Energetics Fuel Physiologic Responses

Question 1

Radiant Energy

Answer 1

Heat loss, photoreception, chemiluminescence

Question 2

Mechanical Energy

Answer 2

Sonic organ (fish), Lift (bird), Mechanosensing (Hearing), Elastic Storage (Tendons)

Question 3

Electrical Energy

Answer 3

Nerve excitation, Electric Organs (Heart), Muscle Activation, Electroreception

Question 4

Thermal Energy

Answer 4

Brown Fat (prevents heat loss), Sweating, Shivering, Fever

Question 5

Chemical Energy

Answer 5

Motor proteins, ion pumping, biosynthesis, metabolism

Question 6

What is the functional purpose of keeping pH constant?

Answer 6

Protein function

Question 7

How is [CO2] involved in pH?

Answer 7

Carbonic acid dissociation (creates free H+) decreases pH

Question 8

What organ systems, or physiological processes would depend on pH homeostasis?

Answer 8

Respiratory and Renal

Question 9

Low Km

Answer 9

High Affinity for Substrate

Question 10

High Km

Answer 10

Low Affinity for Substrate

Question 11

Homotropic Enzymes

Answer 11

Show sigmoidal kinetics, usually possess multiple active sites, binding on one end increases the ability for the second site to bind

Question 12

T-State

Answer 12

Tight State - Less Active

Question 13

R-State

Answer 13

Relaxed State - More Active

Question 14

Phosphocreatine

Answer 14

Muscle storage of excess ATP

Question 15

Glycolysis Products

Answer 15

2 Pyruvate, 2 NADH, 2 ATP net

Question 16

Co-enzymes

Answer 16

NAD+, FADH+

Question 17

TCA Products per 1 Pyruvate

Answer 17

1 ATP, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 2 CO2

Question 18

Anaerobic Pathway

Answer 18

Pathway that converts pyruvate to alternate compound than Acetyl-CoA

Question 19

Ketogenesis

Answer 19

Liver Metabolism, Acetyl-CoA feeds tissues during sleep/starvation

Question 20

Aldosterone

Answer 20

Kidney Function

Question 21

Cholecalciferol

Answer 21

Ca+ Regulation