Digestive system

Question 1

The small intestine is split into 3 sections, what are they called?

Answer 1

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum.

Question 2

Give the order of how the large intestine is arranged.

Answer 2

Appendix
Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon

Question 3

Give the meaning of peristalsis

Answer 3

Contraction and relaxtion of smooth muscle to help food move along

Question 4

Give the meaning of segmentation

Answer 4

Contraction and relaxtion so the food moves forward then backwards

Question 5

Give the role of the mouth

Answer 5

Mechanical and chemical digestion
Mastifcation e.g chewiing
Amylase in the saliva helps to break down carbohydrates

Question 6

Give the role of the stomach

Answer 6

Storage and digestion of food
Food turns into chyme
The stomach absorbs water, electrolytes and some drugs
Acidic environment due to hydrochloric acid that destroys pathogens and activates pepsin to break down protein.

Question 7

Give the role of the small intestine

Answer 7

Site of digestion and absorption
Dudoneum is a major site of digestion
Jejunum and ileum are major sites of absorption
Chymes moves through peristaltic movement and segmentation
The small intestines contain villi, microvilli and a large surface area to maximise absoprtion
The small intestine contains peyers patches

Question 8

Give the role of the pancreas

Answer 8

Secreates digestive enzymes

Question 9

Give the role of the gallbladder

Answer 9

Stores and concentrates bile
Bile emusifies fat

Question 10

Give the role of the liver

Answer 10

Produces bile and stores glucose
Processes fats and amino acids
Stores vitamins and detoxifies drugs
Makes blood proteins

Question 11

Give the role of the large intestines

Answer 11

Absorbs water and electrolytes
Appendix contains good bacteria to help the gut after bouts of diarrhoea
Peristaltic movements
Sphinter muslces control passage for faeces

Question 12

What processes are glucose and amino acids absorbed by?

Answer 12

Active transport
Co-transport
Facilitated diffusion

Question 13

What is crohn’s disease?

Answer 13

A group of diseases called inflammatory bowel disease. It is a chronic condition

Question 14

Give the causes of crohn’s disease

Answer 14

Genes
Immune system dysregulation
Pathogens
Smoking
Imbalance in microbiome

Question 15

Give the symptoms of crohn’s disease

Answer 15

Diarrhoea
Stomach cramps
Blood in stools
Fatigue
Weight loss
Fever

Question 16

What mental health conditions is crohns’s linked to?

Answer 16

Anxiety and depression

Question 17

What are some common treatments that relieve symptoms for crohn’s disease?

Answer 17

Steroids - reduce inflammation but not used long-term
Immunosupressants - used to relieve symptoms if steroids did not work
Dietary changes - A liquid diet for 6-8 weeks can help
Biological medicine - given by injection
Surgery - resection of the bowel or inflamed section of the bowel is removed.