Cardiovascular system

Question 1

What does the cardiovascular system transport?

Answer 1

Nutrients
Oxygen
CO2
Hormones

Question 2

What does the cardiovascular system consist of?

Answer 2

Heart and blood vessels

Question 3

Where does blood enter the heart?

Answer 3

Through the atria and passes through ventricles

Question 4

What do the heart valves prevent?

Answer 4

Backflow

Question 5

Why does the left ventricle have a thicker and stronger muscular wall?

Answer 5

It has to pump blood around the whole body

Question 6

what does the bicuspid and tricuspid valves prevent blood doing?

Answer 6

Prevents flowing backwards from ventricles into atrium

Question 7

Role of the arteries

Answer 7

Carries blood away from the heart
Aorta divides into smaller arteries called arterioles.

Question 8

State the features of arteries

Answer 8

Thick layer of muscle and elastic tissue

Question 9

Features of capillaries

Answer 9

One cell thick

Question 10

Veins

Answer 10

Blood is at a lower pressure so the lumen of the vein is larger than an artery

Question 11

Components of blood

Answer 11

Plasma
Platelets
Red blood cells
White blood cells

Question 12

Role of plasma

Answer 12

Contains hormones

Question 13

Role of platelets (thrombocytes)

Answer 13

Plays important role in blood clotting

Question 14

Role of red blood cells

Answer 14

Filled with haemoglobin - protein that transports oxygen from lungs to the tissue

Question 15

Role of white blood cells

Answer 15

Protection against infection.

Question 16

What is atrial fibrillation?

Answer 16

Fast and irregular heart beat

Question 17

What is ventricular fibrillation?

Answer 17

Disorganised electrical signals in ventricles/irregular heartbeat that affects ventricles

Question 18

Tachycardia

Answer 18

Rapid heartbeat 100+ BPM

Question 19

Bradycardia

Answer 19

Slow heartbeat less than 60 BPM

Question 20

Ectopic heartbeat

Answer 20

Changes in the heartbeat

Question 21

Why is the human circulatory system known as a double circulatory system?

Answer 21

Blood passes through the heart twice for every circuit of the whole body.

Question 22

What happens in the first loop of the double circulatory system?

Answer 22

From the heart to the lungs and then back to the heart.

Question 23

What happens in the second loop of the double circulatory system?

Answer 23

From the heart and through all the other organs and then back to the heart.

Question 24

What is the cardiac cycle?

Answer 24

On-going sequence of contraction and relaxation of the atria and ventricles that keeps blood going around the body.

Question 25

Give the first step of the cardiac cycle

Answer 25

Ventricles both relax and the atria contract which decreases their volume causing atrioventricular valves to open and forces blood through the valves into the ventricles.

Question 26

Give the second step of the cardiac cycle

Answer 26

Ventricles contract and atria relax. Atria relax and the ventricles contract. The pressure is higher in the ventricles than the atria so it shuts off the atrioventricular valves to prevent backflow.

Question 27

Give the third step of the cardiac cycle

Answer 27

Ventricles and atria relax. Increases volume and lowers pressure in the heart chambers. Higher pressure in the PA and aorta closes the semilunar valves to prevent back flow.

Question 28

Explain the PQRST pattern

Answer 28

P - depolarization of the atria that is initiated by electrical signs generated by the SAN QRS: Depolarization of ventricles initiated by electrical signs generated by AVN T: Repolarization of ventricles.

Question 29

Pressure changes in the heart and blood vessels.

Answer 29

Blood enters from the right atrium from the vena cava. Flows via the bicuspid valve through the right ventricle From the right ventricle, pumped into the pulmonary artery to the lungs. Returning from lungs via pulmonary vein and the blood enters the left atrium. Flows into left ventricle From left ventricle, blood is pumped into aorta around the body.

Question 30

What is CHD?

Answer 30

Heart disease that is caused by narrowing or blocking of coronary arteries caused by a build up of atherosclerosis.

Question 31

What can form within the narrowed arteries?

Answer 31

Blood clots

Question 32

What happens if a blood clot blocks the coronary arteries?

Answer 32

The heart becomes starved of glucose and oxygen and starts to die which can cause myocardial infarction.

Question 33

Give some risk factors of CHD

Answer 33

Hypertension - thickens the walls of the arteries and reduces diameter of lumen causing increased blood pressure Smoking Alcohol consumption High cholesterol Diabetes Age and sex Genetic factors Ethnicity

Question 34

What is the impact of CHD on systems within the body?

Answer 34

Symptoms will vary on depending the severity of and location of the narrowing arteries. - Chest pain - SOB - Feeling faint - Feeling sick

Question 35

What can happen if CHD is untreated or undetected?

Answer 35

It can lead to MI when a segment of the heart becomes starved of oxygen.

Question 36

Give some common treatments for CHD

Answer 36

Blood thinners: prevents formation of blood clots Statins: lowers cholestrol Betablockers: blocks effects of adrenaline Lifestyle changes Angioplasty: inserting a balloon in to widen arteries CAB: uses a patients blood vessels Heart transplant: used in cases that may cause heart failure.