Differential Diagnosis Flashcards by

DDx for adult infratentorial mass

MHAMS

Mets, hemangioblastoma, astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, subependymoma

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DDx for adult supratentorial mass

MANOL

Mets, astrocytoma, central neurocytoma, oligodendroglioma, lymphoma

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DDx for pediatric supratentorial neoplasms

GPEC

Glioma, PNET, ependymoma, choroid plexux tumors

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DDx for pediatric infratentorial neoplasms

AMG ERC

Astrocytoma (pilocytic), medulloblastoma, ependymoma (floor of 4th vent), atypical rhabdoid teratoid tumor, choroid plexus papilloma

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DDx for superficial gliomas

DNET, ganglioglioma, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma

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DDx for adult suprasellar mass

Adenoma, meningioma, aneurysm

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DDx for pediatric suprasellar mass

Craniopharyngioma, Rathke’s cleft cyst, glioma, hypothalamic harmatoma, germinoma, LCH

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DDx for infundibular mass

MD GELS

Mets, dermoid, germinoma, EG, lymphoma, sarcoma

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DDx for infundibular cyst

Rathke cleft cyst

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DDx for pineal region mass

GTP

Germinoma, teratoma, pineal parenchymal tumors, pineoblastoma, pineocytoma, vein of Galen aneurysm

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DDx for CP angle tumors

SAME

Schwannoma, arachnoid cyst, meningioma, epidermoid

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DDx for septum pellucidum region tumors

Central neurocytoma, supependymoma,

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DDx for lateral ventricle mass, anterior

Subependymoma, central neurocytoma, subependymal giant cell tumor, ependymoma, astrocytoma

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DDx for lateral ventricle mass, posterior

Choroid plexus tumors, meningioma, mets

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DDx for third ventricle cyst

Colloid cyst

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DDx for fourth ventricle mass

Ependymoma, subependymoma, choroid plexus tumors

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DDx for cystic mass with nodule

PGP H

Pilocytic astrocytoma, ganglioglioma, pleomorphic astrocytoma, hemangioblastoma

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DDx for ependymal enhancement

CMV, lymphoma

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DDx for pediatric parenchymal calcifications

CMV (periventricular), toxoplasmosis (diffuse)

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DDx for leptomeningeal enhancement

Bacterial, carcinomatosis, lymphoma

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DDx for thick parenchymal enhancement

SICI

Sarcoid, intracranial hypotension, carcinomatosis, infection

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DDx for basilar meningitis

TB, fungal

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DDx for bilateral basal ganglia abnormality

NH4

NF1, hepatic encephalopathy, hyperalimentation, hyper/hypo/pseudohypothyroidism), hypoxia/anoxia

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DDx for hypoxia

Acute, CO, toxins, enzyme deficiencies

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DDx for caudate atrophy

Huntington's

DDx for basal ganglia calfications

HIV, calcium-phosphate metabolism

DDx for abnormal ventricles

Max hydrocephalus, hydranencephaly, holoprosencephaly

DDx for intraparenchymal hemorrhage

AHA MPH AVM, HTN hemorrhage, amyloid angiopathy, mets, primary neoplasms, herpes

DDx for adult diffuse white matter disease

HB RT HIV, Binswenger, radiation, toluene

DDx for pediatric diffuse white matter disease

Adrenoleukodystrophy, dysmyelinating disease

DDx for discreet white matter lesions

HIMA LV HTN, ischemia, MS, ADEM, lyme disease, vasculitides

DDx for PRES

Eclampsia, cyclosporine, HUS

DDx for U fiber T1 hyperintensities

PML

DDx for fetal hydrocephalus

ABCD Aqueductal stenosis, bleed, Chiari II, Dandy-Walker

DDx for adult hydrocephalus

MBM Meningitis, bleed, mass

DDx for multiple masses

D MAT Demyelinating lesions, mets, abscesses, TB

DDx for corpus callosum mass

GBM, lymphoma

DDx for pontine T2 hyperintensities

Central pontine myelinolysis, infarct (check basilar artery)

DDx for posterior fossa cysts

Dandy-Walker, mega cisterna magna, arachnoid cyst

DDx for elongated superior cerebellar peduncles

Vermian agenesis

DDx for restricted diffusion

I EAB Infarct, epidermoid, abscess, blood when bright on T1, glioma, meningioma, lymphoma

DDx for congenital developmental spinal lesions

NADEL AC Neurenteric cyst, arachnoid cyst, dermoid/epidermoid, lipoma, AVM, cavernoma

DDx for spinal infection/inflammation/trauma

SAMMAH Sarcoid, arachnoiditis, meningitis, myelitis, abscess, hematoma

DDx for tumors of the spine

EHA MSN Mets Lymp Ependymoma, hemangioblastoma, astrocytoma, meningioma, Schwannoma, neurofibroma

DDx for diffuse intramedullary high T2 signal in the spine

Myelitis, glioma

DDx for central owl sign in the spine

Infarct, west nile virus

DDx for extradural processes in the spine

DSL Disk disease, synovial cyst, lipomatosis

DDx for extradural bone lesions in the spine

COOMAG Chordoma, osteosarcoma, osteoblastoma, myeloma, aneurysmal bone cyst, giant cell tumor

DDx for multiple cerebellar and cord lesions

Hemangioblastoma (VHL), mets

DDx for leptomeningeal enhancement

Meningitis, mets, lymphoma

DDx for gray matter involvement

Ischemia, viral

DDx for multiple cord masses

Sarcoid, MS, lymphoma, mets, hemangioblastoma

DDx for long tract involement

ALS, GBS, B12 def

DDx for basal ganglia calcifications

Senescent, phosphate and calcium, post-inflammatory, HIV in utero, Fahr disease

DDx for suprasellar cyst

Ependymal, arachnoid, colloid, epidermoid, cysticercosis, cystic craniopharyngioma

DDx for large ventricles

Alobar holoprosencephaly, hydrocephalus, hydranencephaly

DDx for pituitary stalk thickening

LCH, germinoma, infection, lymphoproliferative disorders, sarcoidosis

DDx for cystic mass with enhancing mural nodule

Pilocytic astrocytoma, hemangioblastoma, mets

DDx for central hyperintensity of the cord

Hydromyelia, syringomyelia, syringobulbia

DDx for posterior column disease

B12 def, nitrous oxide abuse

DDx for convexity SAH

Venous thrombosis, dural AVF, amyloid angiopathy, aneurysm

DDx for supratentorial, intra-axial tumors

Primary: glioma (astrocytoma, GBM, oligodendrioglioma, ependymoma, DNET/PNET, lymphoma) Secondary: intraparenchymal mets

DDx for supratentorial, extra-axial tumors

Primary: meningioma, pituitary adenoma, epidermoid, dermoid, bone tumors Secondary: leptomengingeal mets

DDx for intratentorial, intra-axial tumors

Primary: astrocytoma, medulloblastoma (PNET), ependymoma, brainstem glioma, hemangioblastoma Secondary: intraparenchymal mets

DDx for intratentorial, extra-axial tumors

Primary: schwannoma, meningioma, (epi)dermoid, chordoma Secondary: leptomeningeal mets

DDx for superficial tumor with homogenous enhancement

Meningioma, lymphoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, mes

DDx for a cyst with enhancing mural nodule

Pilocytic astrocytoma, hemangioblasotma, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, ganglioglioma