AED Mechanisms Flashcards
Acetazolamide
Carbonic anhidrase inhibitor
Carbamazepine
Prevention of repetitive firing of Na
Also works on Ca L type channels
Clobazam
GABAa receptor agonist
Clonazepam
GABAa receptor agonist
Eslicarbazepine
Similar to CBZ, i.e., inhibition of voltage gated Na channels.
Ethosuximide
Reduces thalamic low-threshold T-type calcium currents in thalamic neurons.
Ezogabine
Potassium channel opener, particularly KCNQ2-5 channels
Felbamate
Inhibition of NMDA
Potentiation of GABAa receptor.
Gabapentin
Modulates voltage gated calcium channels.
Binds to the α2γ modulatory subunit of voltage-sensitive calcium channels
Lacosamide
Binds to collapsing response mediator protein 2 (CRMP-2), which is associated with neuronal outgrowth.
Enhances slow inactivation of voltage gated Na channels, resulting in stabilization of neuronal membranes.
Lamotrigine
Inhibition of voltage gated Na channels.
Inhibits high-voltage calcium currents (mediated by multiple channel types, N,P/Q,T-types).
Levetiracetam
Acts on the synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A).
Inhibits N type Ca currents.
Oxcarbazepine
Metabolite MHD is a blocker of voltage-gated Na channel
Perampanel
Non competitive antagonist of AMPA receptors on post-synpatic neurons.
Phenytoin
Blockage of voltage-sensitive Na channels
Pregabalin
Decreases central excitability by binding to auxiliary subunit of high-voltage Ca channel.
Rufinamide
Reduces the recovery capacity of Na channels, prolonging their inactive state.
Tiagabine
Inhibits GABA re-uptake into neurons or glia.
Topiramate
Blockage of voltage dependent Na channels
Increase in GABAa receptor activity.
AMPA/kaynate antagonist .
Carbonic anhydrase inhibition.
Valproate
Inhibition of voltage-sensitive Na channels.
Activation of K conductance. Increases
GABA by inhibition of GABA-transaminase (GABA-T).
Possibly reduces low threshold (T-type) Ca channel current. Reduces Ca L-type channels.
Vigabatrin
Inhibition of GABA-T, preventing the breakdown of GABA, increasing its concentration.
Zonisimide
Blocks repetitive firing of voltage Na channels.
It reduces T-type calcium current without affecting L-type current.
It exerts mild carbonic anhydrase inhibition.
Phenobarbital
Main mechanism is post-synaptic binding of GABAa receptors (prolongs opening time, increasing Cl influx).
