Different kinds of cell

Question 1

What type of cell has a different cell structure to plant and animal cells?

Answer 1

bacteria

Question 2

What is the cell structure of bacteria like in one word?

Answer 2

simple

Question 3

What is a cell without a nucleus called?

Answer 3

prokaryotic cell

Question 4

Name 7 features of a bacteria cell

Answer 4

• single loop of chromosomal DNA
• cell membrane
• flagellum
• cell wall
• plasmid DNA
• ribosomes
• cytoplasm

Question 5

chromosomal DNA

Answer 5

• single loop in bacteria cells
• lies free in the cytoplasm
• carries most of the bacterial genes

Question 6

flagellum

Answer 6

helps the cell to move

Question 7

cell membrane

Answer 7

controls what enters and leaves

keeps organelles together

Question 8

ribosomes

Answer 8

tiny structures

make proteins

Question 9

plasmid DNA

Answer 9

extra circles of DNA

contain additional genes not in chromosomal DNA

can transfer between bacteria cells

Question 10

cell wall

Answer 10

for protection

different substances to plant cell walls

Question 11

Many cells are specialised to carry out a particular function. Explain how the specialisation of each cell is related to its function.

a) egg cell
b) sperm cell
c) ciliated epithelial cell

(6 marks)

Answer 11

a) egg cell contains nutrients in the cytoplasm to supply the growing embryo

has a haploid nucleus that can fuse with another haploid nucleus from the sperm to form a diploid zygote

cell membrane changes after fertilisation to prevent more sperm cells from entering

b) sperm cell has a tail for swimming to the egg cell for fertilisation

mitochondria around the base of the tail to release energy needed to propel the sperm

haploid nucleus to fuse with the egg nucleus to create a diploid zygote

acrosome contains enzymes to digest through the egg cell membrane

c) epithelial cells line tubes such as the trachea

cilia move things along the tubes such as mucus

the cell has a lot of cilia to move mucus, containing dirt and bacteria away from the lungs

Question 12

Give one similarity and one difference between a bacterial cell and an animal cell

Answer 12

has cell membrane
cytoplasm
DNA
ribosomes

no nucleus
no nuclear membrane
no mitochondrian
has plasmid
has cell wall

Question 13

Explain how the shape of a root hair cell is related to its function

Answer 13

it has a long thin root hair

increases surface area for absorbing water/diffusion