Diabetes Flashcards
What can someone with diabetes not do?
properly control their blood glucose concentration
What is the cause of type 1 diabetes?
- immune system damages the person’s insulin secreting pancreatic cells
- person does not produce insulin
often diagnosed at an early age
How is type 1 diabetes controlled?
by injections of insulin into fat just below the skin
they have to work out the correct amount as to keep blood glucose concentration within safe limits
What is type 2 diabetes caused by?
lifestyle choices of a person have caused their liver and muscle cells to become resistant to it
the person still produces insulin
insulin can no longer bind to cells as the receptors have been damaged
insulin can’t enter cells
How is type 2 diabetes controlled?
by eating foods that contain less sugar
exercising more
if needed, injections of insulin, or injections of a drug to make cells more responsive to insulin
How is BMI and waist:hip ratio calculated?
BMI = weight (kg) / height (m) squared
waist:hip = waist / hip
A study has a sample size of 51,529 men and 114,281 women.
A graph of the results shows that:
- approx. 0% of men and women with a BMI of <22 develop type 2 diabetes
- 10% of men with a BMI of 29 - 30.9 develop diabetes, and 27% of women
- 100% of women with a BMI of 35+ develop diabetes, and 50% of men.
Evaluate the correlation between obesity and Type 2 diabetes.
The risk of developing type 2 diabetes increases as BMI increases.
It increases faster for women than for men.
The large sample sizes and steady increase suggest that this is a strong correlation.
What does being pre-diabetic mean?
levels of glucose in the blood has risen, but not enough for the person to be diabetic
lifestyle changes such as eating healthier and exercising can decrease the risk of developing type 2 diabetes
if nothing is done there is a strong risk that the person will develop diabetes
Explain why the dose of insulin needed by a person with type 1 diabetes will vary, depending on the food eaten and exercise.
more insulin is needed if a big meal is taken rather than a small one, as there is more glucose being digested
more insulin is needed if a meal contains a lot of sugar/carbohydrates
less insulin is needed if the person is exercising/glucose is used up in respiration
Many health professionals advise that weight control is needed to prevent a huge increase of cases of diabetes over the next decade or two. Evaluate this advice.
there is evidence to suggest a correlation between obesity and type 2 diabetes
as the number of people who are obese increases the number of people with type 2 diabetes will increase
controlling weight may help prevent this
however, it will not affect the number of people who develop type 1 diabetes
BMI ranges
underweight: <18.5 kg/m[2]
normal: 18.5 to 25 kg/m[2]
overweight: 25 to 30 kg/m[2]
obese: >30 kg/m[2]
