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Anatomy > Diencephalon and Third Ventricle > Flashcards

Diencephalon and Third Ventricle Flashcards

1
Q

Ends of thalamus

A

Anterior: Narrow. Posterior boundary of interventricular foramen
Posteior: Pulvinar. Overhangs medial, lateral geniculate bodies, sup. colliculi

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2
Q

Surfaces of thalamus

A

Sup: Lateral part forms floor of lateral ventricle. Medial part has tela choroidea of 3rd ventricle
Inf: Anterior part fused with subthalamus
Med: Lateral wall of 3rd ventricle
Lat: Medial boundary of internal capsule

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3
Q

White matter of thalamus

A

External and Internal medullary lamina

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4
Q

Nuclei in anterior part of thalamus

A

Anterior nucleus

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5
Q

Nuclei in medial part of thalamus

A

Medial dorsal

Medial ventral

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6
Q

Nuclei in lateral part of thalamus

A 
Craniocaudally
Dorsal:
1. Lateral dorsal
2. Lateral posterior
3. Pulvinar
Ventral:
1. Ventroanterior
2. Vetro intermediate
3. Ventroposterior
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7
Q

Connections and functions of VPM

A

Aff: Trigeminal lemniscus
Eff: Post central gyrus
Func: Relay for face, head, taste bud impulses

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8
Q

Connections and functions of VPL

A

Aff: Medial lemniscus, Spinal lemniscus
Eff: Postcentral gyrus
Func: Relay for exteroceptive, proprioceptive

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9
Q

Connections and functions of VA

A

Aff: from globus pallidus
Eff: Premotor cortex
Func: Relay for striatal impulses

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10
Q

Connections and functions of VI

A

Aff: Dentatothalamic
Eff: Motor and premotor cortex
Func: Relay for cerebellar impulses

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11
Q

Connections and functions of Medial Geniculate body

A

Aff: Auditory fib. from inf. colliculus
Eff: Primary auditory area
Func: Relay for auditory impulses

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12
Q

Connections and functions of Lateral Geniculate body

A

Aff: Optic tract
Eff: Primary visual cortex
Func: Relay for visual impulses

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13
Q

Connections and functions of Anterior nucleus

A

Aff: from Mamillary body
Eff: Cingulate gyrus
Func: Attention, recent memory

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14
Q

Connections and functions of Medial dorsal nucleus

A

Aff: Hypothalamus
Eff: Prefrontal area
Func: Mood, Emotional balance

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15
Q

Connections and functions of Lateral dorsal nucleus

A

Aff: Thalamic n.
Eff: Cingulate gyrus
Func: Integrate sensory info

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16
Q

Connections and functions of pulvinar nucleus

A

Aff: Thalamic n.
Eff: Association area
Func: Coorelation of senses

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17
Q

Connections and functions of reticular nucleus

A

Aff: Brainstem reticular formation
Eff: Cerebral cortex
Func: RAS

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18
Q

Functions of thalamus

A
  1. Integration and relay station of all impulses

2. Poor recognition of pain, temp.

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19
Q

Thalamic syndrome

A
  1. Pain, temp., touch treshold decreases contra.

2. Emotional instability

20
Q

External features of pineal gland

A
  • occupies vertical groove b/w sup. colliculi
  • has a stalk
  • stalk divides into 2 laminae
  • Inf. lamina contd. with posterior commissure
  • Sup. lamina contd. with habenular commissure
  • supplied by nervus cornii
21
Q

Structure of pineal gland

A
  • contains pinealocytes and neuroglial cells
  • Pinealocytes secrete melatonin
  • Ca phosphates and crabonates get deposited with age to for CORPORA ARENACEA (brain sand)
22
Q

Functions of pineal gland

A
  1. Neuroendocrine activity
  2. Biological clock
  3. Melatonin inhibits secretion of GnRH
23
Q

Unique features of pineal gland

A

No nerve cells

Only part of brain supllied by nervus conarii that arises outside brain

24
Q

Habenular nucleus

A
  • lies beneath habenular triangle
  • habenular triangle is above sup. colliculus medial to pulvinar of thalamus
  • with its connections, forms part of limbic system
25
Q

Habenular commissure

A
  • connects habenular nucleus on both sides

- crosses midline by passing thru sup. lamina of stalk of pineal gland

26
Q

Posterior commissure

A
  • connects MLF, interstitial nuclei, sup. colliculus, pretectal n. of both sides
  • crosses midline by passing thru inf. lamina of pineal stalk
27
Q

Boundaries of hypothalamus

A 
Ant: Lamina terminalis
Post: Subthalamus
Inf: Floor of 3rd ventricle
Sup: Thalamus
Lat: Internal capsule
Med: Cavity of 3rd ventricles
28
Q

Hypothalamic nuclei

A
  1. Preoptic
  2. Supraoptic
  3. Anterior
  4. Arcuate
  5. Ventromedial
  6. Dorsomedial
  7. Posterior
  8. Mamillary
  9. Lateral
29
Q

Functions of Preoptic n.

A

Regulates release of Gn releasing hormones

30
Q

Functions of Supraoptic n.

A
  1. Produces ADH, oxytocin

2. Regulates water balance

31
Q

Functions of Anterior n. of hypothalamus

A
  1. Regulates body temp.

2. Stimulates parasym. NS

32
Q

Functions of Arcuate n. of hypothalamus

A

Produces hypothalamic releasing factors

33
Q

Functions of Ventromedial n. of hypothalamus

A

Satiety centre

34
Q

Functions of Dorsomedial n. of hypothalamus

A

Stimulation causes obesity and savage behaviour

35
Q

Functions of Posterior n. of hypothalamus

A
  1. Regulates body temp.

2. Stimulates Symp. NS

36
Q

Functions of Mamillary n. of hypothalamus

A

Receives info from hippocampus thru fornix

37
Q

Afferent connections of hypothalamus

A
  1. Fornix connects hippocampus to mamillary bodies
  2. Stria terminalis: amygdala to preoptic, anterior
  3. Mamillary peduncle: spinal cord to lateral
  4. Thalamus
  5. Corpus striatum
38
Q

Efferent connections of hypothalamus

A 
Mamillothalamic tract
Mamillotegmental tract (midbrain reticular formation)
39
Q

Anterior wall of 3rd ventricle

A

Up to down

  1. Anterior column of fornix
  2. Anterior commissure
  3. Lamina terminalis
40
Q

Posterior wall of 3rd ventricle

A

Up to down

  1. Pineal gland
  2. Posterior commissure
41
Q

Roof of 3rd ventricle

A

Ependyma

42
Q

Floor of 3rd ventricle

A

Front to back

  1. Optic chiasma
  2. Tuber cinerum
  3. Pituitary stalk
  4. Mamillary bodies
  5. Posterior perforated substance
  6. Tegmentum of midbrain
43
Q

Lateral wall of 3rd ventricle

A

Hypothalamic sulcus

44
Q

Recesses of 3rd ventricle

A

From front below to back

  1. Infundibular
  2. Optic
  3. Anterior
  4. Suprapineal
  5. Pineal
45
Q

Blood vessels contributing to choroidal plexus of 3rd ventrilce

A

Anterior choroidal arteries

Anatomy (23 decks)

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