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Anatomy > Cerebellum and Fourth Ventricle > Flashcards

Cerebellum and Fourth Ventricle Flashcards

1
Q

Parts of cerebellum

A
  • cerebellar hemispheres connected by vermis
  • superior vermis contd. with sup. surface of cerebellum
  • inf. vermis more demarcated
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2
Q

Surfaces of cerebellum

A
  • convex superior surface
  • inferior surface has deep notch - vallecula
  • floor of vallecula formed by inf. vermis
  • ant. cerebellar notch has pons, medulla
  • post. cerebellar notch has falx cerebelli
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3
Q

Fissures of cerebellum

A
  1. Primary: on superior surface
  2. Horizontal: on lateral and posterior margin. separates superior and inferior surfaces
  3. Posterolateral: on inf. surface. Separates cerebellum from flocculus
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4
Q

Archicerebellum

A
  • oldest
  • flocculonodular lobe + lingula
  • Nucleus fastigii
  • Maintenance of equilibrium, tone and posture
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5
Q

Paleocerebellum

A
  • Anterior lobe + pyramid + Uvula
  • Nucleus globosus, nucleus emboliformis
  • Crude mvmts of limbs
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6
Q

Neocerebellum

A
  • Posterior lobe except pyramid, uvula
  • Nucleus dentatus
  • Skilled voluntary mvmts
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7
Q

Layers of cerebellar cortex

A
  1. Outer molecular
  2. Purkinje cell
  3. Inner granular
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8
Q

Molecular layer of cerebellum

A
  • mainly dendrites of purkinje cells
  • 2 types of nerve cells: basket, stellate
    Basket cells: long processes
    Stellate cells: short processes
    *Both inhibit Purkinje cells
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9
Q

Purkinje cell layer of cerebellum

A
  • flask shaped purkinje cells
  • dendrites enter upper molecular layer
  • dendrites synapse with basket cells, granule cells, climbing fibres
  • axons enter lower granular layer and relay to intracerebellar nuclei (-)
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10
Q

Granule layer of cerebellum

A
  • small granule and large golgi cells
  • dendrites of granule cells synapse with mossy fibres
  • axons of granule cells enter molecular layer and form parallel fibres by branching into T junction which synapse with Purkinje cells
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11
Q

Intracerebellar nuclei

A

Lat to Med

  1. Dentate
  2. Emboliform
  3. Globose
  4. Fastigial
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12
Q

Climbing fibres

A
  • from inf. olivary nucleus
  • sends collateral to intracerebellar nucleus
  • then makes monosynaptic connection with purkinje cell
  • produces Aspartate
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13
Q

Mossy fibres

A
  • all afferents except from inf. olivary nucleus
  • synapse with granule cells and Golgi cells
  • produce Glutamate
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14
Q

Dentate nucleus

A
  • largest
  • nucleus of neocerebellum
  • gives dentatorubral and dentatothalamic fibres
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15
Q

Emboliform nucleus

A
  • oval
  • nucleus of palaeocerebellum
  • gives fibres to red nucleus through sup. cerebellar peduncle
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16
Q

Fastigial nucleus

A
  • Nucleus of archicerebellum
  • receives from flocculonodular lobe
  • sends fibres to vestibular and reticular nuclei
17
Q

Afferent fibres in inferior cerebellar peduncle

A
  1. Cuneocerebellar: ipsi. accessory cuneate n.
  2. Olivocerebellar: contra. inf. olivary n.
  3. Parolivocerebellar: contra. accessory olivary n.
  4. Reticulocerebellar: reticular n.
  5. Vestibulocerebellar: vestibular n.
  6. Posterior spinocerebellar: ipsi. Clarkes column
18
Q

Efferent fibres of inferior cerebellar peduncle

A
  1. Cerebellovestibular: ipsi. flocculonodular lobe
  2. Cerebelloreticular: fastigial n. to pontine and medullary reticular formation
  3. Cerebelloolivary
19
Q

Afferent fibres of middle cerebellar peduncle

A
  1. Pontocerebellar
  2. Reticulocerebellar
  3. Seratogenic: from raphae n.
    NO EFFERENTS
20
Q

Afferent fibres of superior cerebellar peduncle

A
  1. Anterior spinocerebellar tract
  2. Tectocerebellar
  3. Trigeminocerebellar
  4. Ceruleocerebellar: locus ceruleus
  5. Hypothalamocerebellar
21
Q

Efferent fibres of superior cerebellar peduncle

A
  1. Cerebellorubral
  2. Dentatorubral/thalamic
  3. Cerebelloolivary
  4. Cerebelloreticular
22
Q

Functions of cerebellum

A

Comparator function
- Cerebral cortex sends simultaneous signals to cerebellum and LMN for voluntary mvmt
- Cerebellum compares intended and actual mvmt
- If it senses mistakes, it sends signals to cortex to correct mvmt
Therefor, smooth, coordinated mvmt

23
Q

Arterial supply of cerebellum

A
  1. Superior cerebellar
  2. Anterior inferior cerebellar
  3. Posterior inferior cerebellar
24
Q

Cerebellar lesions

A
  1. Staggering gait
  2. Nystagmus
  3. +ve Romberg sign
    PALAEO:
  4. Flail joints
  5. Pendular knee jerk
  6. Ataxia
    NEO:
  7. Dysmetria (distance)
  8. Intention tremors
  9. Dysdiadochokinesia (rapid pronation and supination)
  10. Scanning speech
  11. Rebound phenomenon
25
Q

Lateral recesses of 4th ventricle

A
  • on each side
  • reaches upto flocculus
  • opens into subarachnoid space as foramen of Luschka
26
Q

Median dorsal recess of 4th ventricle

A
  • extends into core of cerebellum

- lies cranial to nodule

27
Q

Lateral dorsal recesses of 4th ventricle

A
  • above inferior medullary velum

- lateral to nodule

28
Q

Lateral boundaries of 4th ventricle

A

Inferolaterally: inf. cerebellar peduncle
Superolaterally: sup. cerebellar peduncle

29
Q

Roof of 4th ventricle

A

Upper part: sup. medullary velum

Lower part: inf. medullary velum with foramen Magendie

30
Q

Tela choroidea

A
  • double layer fold of pia mater
  • b/w inferior vermis and inf. medullary velum
  • dorsal layer lines inf. vernis
  • ventral layer contd. with pia mater covering cerebellum
31
Q

Choroid plexus of 4th ventricle

A
  • b/w 2 layers of tela choroidea
  • projects from lower part of roof of 4th ventricle
  • from branches of posterior inferior cerebellar A
  • T shaped: T limb into foramen of Luschka
32
Q

Floor of 4th ventricle

A
  • posterior surface of pons, upper part of medulla
  • Stria medullaris divides upper and lower parts
  • Medial sulcus with medial eminence bounded by sulcus limitans
  • sup. and inf. fovea
  • locus ceruleus
  • facial colliculus
  • hypoglossal and vagal triangle
  • area postrema

Anatomy (23 decks)

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