Diarrhea Flashcards

1
Q

Mecanismes generaux des perturbations electrolytiques conduisant au diarrhee ?

A
  • Modification de l’absorption ionique
  • Modification de l’osmolarite luminale
  • Modification de la motilité intestinale
  • Modification de la pression hydrostatique.
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2
Q

Nommer les types de diarrhee ?

A

Secretoire, motrice, osmotique &exsudative

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3
Q

Diarrhee secretoire ?

A

Presence d’une substance stimulante responsable d’une augmentation de la secretion &diminution d’absorption.
VIP, laxatif, bacterie, sa toxine ,virus.

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4
Q

Motrice ?

A

Acceleration du transit intestinal sans retentissemenet sur la vie. Des emissions frequentes sans que le volume quotidienne des feces se voit augmentée (notice this difference in comparision with secretoire) souvent imperieuse &precedée des coliques. Presences des debris vegetaux non digerés dans les feces eliminés

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5
Q

Osmotique ?

A

Quite obvious, cesse lorsque le patient est à jeun. Intolerance aux hydrates de carbones la provoque, ph des selles se trouve bas, tant qu’il est au 7-7.5 au normale.

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6
Q

Exsudative ?

A

Presence de sang / pus dans les selles temoignant un syndrome dysenteriforme qui resulte des lesions intestinales macroscopiques (diarrhea is chronique in this case)

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7
Q

How can actue diarrhea be distinguished from a chronic diarrhea

A

Aigue, jamais sanglante, les mouvements intestinaux sont frequents, la durée est de 12-60heures. Accompagée des NV, douleurs abdominales, maux de tete, fievre, frissons &malaise.
Chronique, de durée pronolgé se manifest par des episodes recurrents, une perte de poids, anorexie, faiblesse chronique.

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8
Q

Les complications de la diarrhee ?

A

Deshydratation &troubles electrolytiques (hyponatermie &hypomagnesemie), parfois collapsus.
Acidose metaboliques due au perte de HCO3-.
Ceux chroniques peuvenet etre à l’origine des carences importantes.

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9
Q

Drugs causing diarrhea ?

A
Laxatives
Antacids (Mg)
Antineoplastics
Auranofin
Antiobiotics
Antihypertensives
Cholinergics (Butanechol &Neostigmine)
Cardiac agents
NSAIs
Misoprostol
PPIs
Anti H2
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10
Q

Que comportent les SRO ?

A

Hydrate de carbone + NaCl &KCl.

Permitted HdC : Dextrine-maltose/glucose/saccharose

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11
Q

Besides SRO, quelles sont les classes indiquées dans la prise en charge de diarrhee ?

A

Ralentisseurs de transit (Opioides)
Adsorbants
Probiotics Perenterol
Antiseptiques intestinaux doués d’action bacteriostatique locale

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12
Q

Particularities of Opioides

A

Loperamide (megacolon issue, increase diameter of colon), Diphenoxylate, Elixir paregoriue
NEVER to prescribe in case of diarrhee febrile/sanglante/d’orginie microbienne.
Ils augmentent le tonus intestinal &diminuent le peristaltisme
Traitement sympt. des diarhee aigues en complement de rehydratation orlae
Si pas d’efficacité dans 2jours, proceed further tests.

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13
Q

Of Adsorbants ?

A

Diosmectite, Lactoproteins methyleniue (Sarcolene)
Ils adsorbent les gaz, les liquides, toxines bact/des virus. Inertes, non absorbables. Modifient la consistance des selles. Diminuent la biodiscponibilité d’autres mdcts co-administrés.

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14
Q

Of Probiotics ?

A

Perenterol (Saccharomyces boulardii)

micro-organismes vivants non pathogenes qui colonisent l’intestin &en ameliorent l’eq. microbiologique

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15
Q

Approach of acute diarrhea treatment ?

A

diarrhea of <3days, no systemic symptoms treat with : a. fluids, electrolyte replacement b. opioids, adsorbants c. diet.

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16
Q

Approach in treating (prolonged : up to 2weeks) chronic diarrhea (of over a month)

A

Must diagnose cause. Possibles etiologies are :
Intestinal infection, IBD, malabsorption, secretory hormonal tumor (VIP), drugs, factitious, motility disturbance.
If uncertain of cause go for : Culture, sigmoidoscopy, intestinal biopsy. Treat cause when found. Otherwise, approach consists of a symptomatic treatment (the above classes)

17
Q

Which antiobiotics are most prescribed in treating diarrheas of infection ?

A

ciprofloxacine (it’s a fluoroquinone), levofloxacine, mitronidazole. Alson azithromycine (macrolide, &just saying : it’s a CYP3A4 inhibitor)