Diagnostic Accuracy Flashcards

1
Q

What is reliability

A

Produces precise, accurate, and reproducible information

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2
Q

What is diagnostic accuracy

A

Ability to discriminate between patients with and without a specific disorder

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3
Q

What is pretest

A

The likelihood that a patient exhibits a specific disorder before the physical exam commences

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4
Q

What is the posttest

A

Likelihood that a patient has a specific disorder after the clinical exam test has been performed

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5
Q

What are the 4 types of data

A
  1. Nominal
  2. Ordinal
  3. Interval
  4. Ratio
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6
Q

What is nominal data

A

Groupings/place holder

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7
Q

What is ordinal data

A

Quantities that have a natural order, but cannot state with any certainty whether intervals between values are equal

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8
Q

What does the Kappa coefficient do

A

Removes random selection or guessing that occurred

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9
Q

What Kappa coefficient is good reliabilitity

A

Greater than 0.75

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10
Q

What Kappa coefficient is moderate reliabilitiy

A

0.50-0.75

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11
Q

What Kappa coefficient is poor reliability

A

Less than 0.50

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12
Q

What is interrater reliability

A

Reliability between raters

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13
Q

What is intrarater reliability

A

Reliability within a single rater

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14
Q

What is interval data

A

Order with equal intervals but without an absolute zero point

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15
Q

What is ratio data

A

Order with equal intervals and an absolute zero

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16
Q

What does Pearson (r) do

A

Analyzes association between 2 measurements

17
Q

What is a true positive

A

Positive and present

18
Q

What is a true negative

A

Negative and not present

19
Q

What is a false positive

A

Positive and not present

20
Q

What is a false negative

A

Negative and present

21
Q

What is influenced by prevalence or total instances of a diagnosis in the population at a given time, sex ratios, or severity of disease

A

Spectrum Bias

22
Q

What does a positive predictive value do

A

Estimates the likelihood that a pt with a positive test actually has the disease

23
Q

What does a negative predictive value do

A

Estimates the likelihood that a pt with a negative test actually does not have the disease

24
Q

What is sensitivity

A

A measure of true positive rate

25
What is specificity
A measure of true negative rate
26
What does SnNOUT stand for
Sensitive test when negative rules out pt
27
What does SpPIN stand for
Specific test when positive rules in
28
What happens if the test is made less stringent
Increase of false positives will certainly increase and fewer cases will be missed
29
What happens to sensitivity and specificity if you make the test less stringent
Increase sensitivity | Decrease specificity
30
What happens if the test is made more stringent
A greater portion of those who are normal will test negative and a large number of true cases will be missed
31
What happens to sensitivity and specificity if you make the test more stringent
Decrease sensitivity | Increase specificity
32
What positive likelihood ratio is important
Greater than 10
33
What negative likelihood ratio is important
0-0.1