Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Musculo > Cervical Spine > Flashcards

Cervical Spine Flashcards

1
Q

what is the percent of the population that will have neck pain within their lifetime

A

70%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Neck pain is almost as prevalent as what

A

Low back pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What percent all patients seen does neck pain make up

A

25%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What percent of those with neck pain will develop chronic disabling problems

A

20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the main elements of the subjective exam for the cervical spine (7)

A
  1. Nature and kind of disorder
  2. Area of symptoms
  3. Behavior of symptoms
  4. Present history
  5. Past history
  6. Special questions
  7. Questionnaires
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is it called when pain goes from distal to proximal

A

Centralization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is it called when pain goes from proximal to distal

A

Peripheralization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 2 types of behavior of symptoms

A
  1. Chemical pain

2. Mechanical pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the characteristics of chemical pain (6)

A
  1. Constant pain
  2. High levels of pain
  3. Often diffuse
  4. Recent onset
  5. Easy aggravation of pain by all movement
  6. Takes time to calm down
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does chemical pain respond to NSAIDs

A

Favorably

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

True or False:

Your treatment should be gentle for patients with chemical pain

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the characteristics of mechanical pain (6)

A
  1. Intermittent pain
  2. variable levels of pain
  3. Usually local
  4. Fairly recent to chronic
  5. Changes in position or movement in a particular direction ease pain
  6. Symptoms are short lived
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does mechanical pain respond to NSAIDs

A

Variable response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

True or False:

Your treatment can be rougher for patients with mechanical pain

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

True or False:

Mechanical pain can be slightly referred

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What can dizziness or light headedness mean

A

Vascular issue or vestibular issue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What can trouble talking or swallowing mean

A

CNS problem or instability after trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What can change in vision mean

A

Vertebral artery excluded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What can difficulty walking or drop attacks mean

A

Injury or nerve impingement to conduction pathways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What can difficulty holding small objects or writing mean

A

Compression of the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Is numbness or tingling in both hands or feet a good thing

A

Absolutely not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What can difficulty concentrating or remembering things mean

A

Poor arterial blood flow or traumatic injuries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

True or False:

It is normal for patients to feel symptoms unilaterally

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What stand for NDI

A

Neck Disability Index

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the NDI

A

10 item condition specific self report questionnaire

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What do 7 questions measure

A

Functional status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What do the remaining 3 questions measure

A
  1. Pain intensity
  2. Concentration
  3. Headache
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the NDI scored from

A

0-50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is a good score

A

Lower scores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the minimum change needed to detect change

A

5 points

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the patient specific functional scale specific to

A

Daily Life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the patient specific functional scale

A

Generic scale where the PT asks the patient to identify 3 items that they find difficult due to their injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is each item rated on

A

A scale from 0-10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What does 0 mean

A

Unable to perform activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What does 10 mean

A

Task is not a problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

How do you determine the final score

A

Average the 3 scores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is the minimum amount of change that must occur the see change

A

2.1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is the minimum important clinical difference

A

2.0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

True or False:

If there are multiple complaints/symptoms you should ask about each individually

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is spondylosis

A

Degeneration of the intervertebral disc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is spondylolysis

A

Fracture of pars interarticularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What is spondylolisthesis

A

One vertebrae slips over another

43
Q

What is the purpose of the physical examination (3)

A
  1. Confirm initial hypothesis
  2. Clarify options for treatment
  3. Determine if patient is appropriate for PT
44
Q

What is the order of cervical spine examination (8)

A
  1. Observations
  2. Active ROM
  3. Repeated movements
  4. Passive ROM
  5. Passive accessory motion testing
  6. Muscle performance testing
  7. Special tests
  8. Palpation
45
Q

True or False:

Special tests are used during every examination

A

False

46
Q

How does acute torticollis present

A

Side bend and rotated away from the painful side

47
Q

What do you look at during observations (4)

A
  1. Performed in sitting or standing
  2. Visual inspection of head and neck
  3. Observe shoulder girdle
  4. Function
48
Q

What do you observe when looking at function (3)

A
  1. Transfers
  2. Gait
  3. Willingness to move
49
Q

What is worse hypermobility or instability

A

Instability

50
Q

When looking at AROM what do you do (3)

A
  1. Look at available range first
  2. Describe quality of motion
  3. Keep track of symptoms and how they change
51
Q

What is a good way to denote symptoms that mimic their symptoms

A

An asterisk

52
Q

What is normal flexion, extension, side bending, and rotation of the cervical spine

A

Flexion: 45
Extension: 45
Side bending: 45
Rotation: 60

53
Q

What is retraction

A

Upper cervical flexion and lower cervical extension

54
Q

What is protraction

A

Upper cervical extension and lower cervical flexion

55
Q

Why do we apply overpressure at the end of AROM

A

To clear motion/direction as potential source of pain/limitation

56
Q

What does no pain with overpressure mean

A

The motion is cleared

57
Q

If you have pain on the left side of your neck which type of rotation/side bending would be painful

A

To the same side

58
Q

Can combined motions be measured

A

Not really

59
Q

What is repeated movement testing used for

A

Assessment and management of pain

60
Q

What are the 3 classifications

A
  1. Derangement
  2. Dysfunction
  3. Postural
61
Q

Which classifications have limitation in mobility

A

Derangement and dysfunction

62
Q

Which classifications have full ROM

A

Postural

63
Q

Which direction does dysfunction have limited function

A

The direction of pain

64
Q

Which way do you do repeated motion testing for derangements

A

The directions that is painful

65
Q

What are the types of movements for repeated movement testing in the cervical spine (5)

A
  1. Retraction
  2. Retraction with extension
  3. Protraction
  4. Rotation
  5. Side bending
66
Q

Which plane do you usually begin with during RMT

A

Sagittal

67
Q

When do you do rotation or side bending first

A

In the presence of a structural deformity

68
Q

What type of classifications are acute

A

Derangements

69
Q

What type of classifications are chronic

A

Dysfunctions and derangements occasionally

70
Q

What classification has pain during movement

A

Derangement

71
Q

What classification has pain at end range

A

Dysfunction

72
Q

Does RMT have an affect on the postural classification

A

Nope

73
Q

What position is PROM of the cervical usually performed in

A

Supine

74
Q

What hold does the examiner use to move the patients head

A

Cradle hold or chin hold

75
Q

What is the examiner looking to assess with PROM (3)

A
  1. Movement between segments
  2. End feel
  3. Patient response
76
Q

What order do you assess motion

A

Least painful to most painful

77
Q

What does PPIVM mean

A

Passive Physiologic Intervertebral Motion

78
Q

What do you compare to during PROM

A

The same segment or segment above and below

79
Q

How far down the spine should you test

A

To T3

80
Q

What are the general passive accessory motions (4)

A
  1. Side gliding (lateral glide)
  2. Anterior gliding
  3. Posterior gliding
  4. Distraction/traction
81
Q

What are the specific passive accessory motions (4)

A
  1. Posterior to anterior CVP
  2. Posterior to anterior UVP
  3. Transverse VP
  4. Anterior to posterior UVP
82
Q

What is the lateral glide test able to determine

A

Hypomobile segment and which side

83
Q

What does resisted isometric testing provide the clinician

A

Info regarding tissue reactivity

84
Q

What does MMT provide the clinician

A

Info regarding strength

85
Q

What are the tests for neurological symptoms (8)

A
  1. Cranial nerve testing
  2. DTR/MSR
  3. Myotomes
  4. Sensation
  5. Spurling’s test
  6. Distraction test
  7. Upper limb nerve tension testing (ULNTT)
  8. Special tests for UMN lesions
86
Q

Is spurling’s test a provocation or relieving test

A

Provocing

87
Q

Is distraction test a provocation or relieving test

A

Relieving

88
Q

True or False:

A positive DTR/MSR, myotome, or sensation test may make the patient inappropriate for PT

A

True

89
Q

What do ULNT testing look at

A

Mechanical and physiologic ability of the nervous system

90
Q

What are the 3 peripheral nerves that are tested with ULNT

A
  1. Median
  2. Radial
  3. Ulnar
91
Q

What is a positive finding for ULNT testing (3)

A
  1. Reproduces pain
  2. Sensitizing movement alters pain
  3. Difference from side to side
92
Q

True or False:

You only need one of the positive findings to have a positive test for ULNT testing

A

true

93
Q

What are the tests used to identify UMN lesions (4)

A
  1. Babinski reflex
  2. Hoffmann’s sign
  3. Rhomberg test
  4. Lhermitte test
94
Q

What is the Rhomberg test

A

Staying with feet together and arms wrapped around body and close eyes

95
Q

Positive Rhomberg test

A

Large sway or falling over

96
Q

What is the Lhermitte test

A

Sitting and flex chin to chest

97
Q

What is a positive Lhermitte test

A

Lightning pain down the spine when the flex

98
Q

What are the 5 D

A
  1. Dizziness
  2. Dysphasia
  3. Diplopia
  4. Dysarthria
  5. Drop attacks
99
Q

What is dysphasia

A

Difficulty swallowing

100
Q

What is diplopia

A

Double vision

101
Q

What is dysarthria

A

Difficulty speaking

102
Q

What is the vertebral artery test

A

Rotation in sitting

103
Q

What is a positive vertebral artery test

A

Dizziness, nystagmus, blurry vision, sudden fall

104
Q

Why do we do vertebral artery test

A

To screen if appropriate for manipulation

Musculo (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions