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Endocrinology Medicine > Diabetic Medications > Flashcards

Diabetic Medications Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first line treatment for T2DM?

A

Metformin

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2
Q

What class of drug is metformine?

A

Bigunide

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3
Q

How does metformin work?

A

Prevents gluconeogenesis

Reduces insulin resistance

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4
Q

What are side effects of metformin?

A

Stomach problems

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5
Q

When should you stop metformin?

A

eGFR <30
Creatinine >50
Raised lactate

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6
Q

What drugs are sulphonylureas?

A

Gliclazide

Glipizide

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7
Q

What is the mechanism of sulphonylureas?

A

Stimulate insulin release by closing ATP K+ channels and opening voltage dependent Ca2+ channels

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8
Q

When should sulphonylureas be taken?

A

With meals

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9
Q

What are risks of sulphonylureas?

A

Hypoglycaemia

- beware the elderly

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10
Q

What is the mechanism of pioglitazone?

A

Reduces insulin resistance

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11
Q

How long does it take pioglitazone to start working?

A

6 weeks

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12
Q

What are side effects of pioglitazone?

A

Water retention
Weight gain
Visual impairment

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13
Q

What drugs are DPP4 inhibitors?

A

Linagliptin

Sitagliptin

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14
Q

What is the mechanism of DPP4 inhibitors?

A

Inhibits DPP4 - the enzyme that destroys incretin

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15
Q

What is incretin?

A

A hormone that augment the secretion of insulin

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16
Q

What are side effects of DPP4 inhibitors?

A

GI problems

Risk of pancreatitis

17
Q

What drugs are SGLT2 inhibitors?

A

Dapagliflozin

Canagliflozin

18
Q

What is the mechanism of SGLT2 inhibitors?

A

Reduces reabsorption of glucose at kidneys

Increases urine glucose excretion

19
Q

Which patients cannot have SGLT2 inhibitors?

A

Renal patients

20
Q

What are side effects of SGLT2?

A

AKI
Risk of amputations
UTI
Lactic acidosis

21
Q

What drugs are GLP1 agonists?

A

Ozempic
Semaglutide
Liraglutide

22
Q

What is the mechanism of GLP1 agonists?

A

Mimics incretin

  • stimulates insulin release
  • inhibit glucagon release
  • reduce speed of stomach emptying
23
Q

What are side effects of GLP1 agonists?

A

GI problems

Endocrinology Medicine (22 decks)

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