Deviance (3.2) Flashcards
deviance def
behaviour that differs from the norms/values of sport
3 types
violence, drugs/doping, gambling
WADA
World Anti Doping Agency
Human growth hormone (HGH)
.increase bone, muscle, cartilage growth
.leads to increased strength and power
.better recovery
anabolic steroids
testosterone
increase muscle growth and aggression
better recovery
Beta Blockers
control heart rate
used for precision sports to keep calm
helps people with hypertension
erythropoietin (EPO)
.hormone that controls red blood cell production
.synthetic version increases capacity of red blood cells (O2)
.good for endurance
Blood Doping
removing blood to store it, before retransfusing it to increase red blood cell count
increase O2
endurance
Diuretics
increase amount of water expelled (urine)
flush out other illegal substances (masking agents)
helps people make weight
physiological reasons to take drugs (1)
improve physical performance
social reasons to take drugs (5)
.pressure by peers, coaches etc .belief everyone else does .belief they wont get caught .win at all cost mentality .state sponsored programmes
psychological reasons to take drugs (1)
improve performance by altering brain function e.g anabolic agents
consequences of drugs on performer
unfair advantage physical health problems mental health problems punishment e.g fines/bans bad public image
consequences of drugs on sport
bad image reduced participation challenges concept of fair play loss of sponsors false records/results
consequences of drugs on society
negative role models
reflection of society
cause of player violence
retaliation
nature of game e.g ice hockey
drugs/testosterone
weapons/kit e.g hockey stick
causes of spectator violence
alcohol/social drugs overcrowding/poor stewardship hooligans deindividuation - crowd identity imitating pitch violence
spectator + player violence
.importance of game e.g relegation battle, rivalry
.score
.poor decisions from officials
.poor performance
implications of violence in sport
.sport should mirror society
.tackling violence in society should help tackle violence in sport
.some spectators expect violence in sport e.g ice hockey - violent acts on field should be dealt with same as outside of field
.increase in domestic violence during 2010 World Cup
violence in sport implications on society
people may copy role models
parents put off letting children participate
can lead to spectator violence
could indicate wider social issues
violence in sport implications on sport
can initiate changes to rules sport seen in bad image can reduce participation loss of sponsors loss of public interest can make sport more interesting for viewers
violence in sport implications on performer
punishment injury/death risk loss of sponsors negative role model - public hate detrimental to career
strategies to prevent violence - performers
rule changes - e.g no 2 foot tackles football
punishments - harsher, legal action
education - on fair play, controlling emotions
better officiating - more officials, better qualified
technology - TMO/VAR catch more acts
coaches - encourage assertive behaviour
strategies to prevent violence - spectators
.stricter punishments
.control alcohol better - more searched, more expensive, early KO times, ban it
.improve spectator facilities - all seated stadiums
.CCTV/Police cams
.liaison of police - share info on trouble makers, ban certain passports
.promote family entertainment: family sections/entertainment e.g mascots
gambling issues
legal in UK
match fixing
bribery
illegal sports betting
Why gamble
unpredictable element of chance underdog story more exciting if money involved easy - technology advertised everywhere
statistics
.sportsmen 3x more likely to gamble than average person
.1/4 of pl clubs have gambling logo on shirt
72 English FC play in competitions sponsored by Sky Bet
Stephan Lee
Snooker
Match fixing (7 matches)
12 year suspension
£40,000 if he wants to come back
Juventus
2006 Match fixing - selected favourable referees Got relegated 04/05 and 05/06 titles stripped Players left
Daniel Koellerer
Austrian tennis player
Match fixing
Lifetime ban
Fined $100,000
Mohammad Amir
cricketer
match fixing
5 year ban
