Altitude (1.2)

Question 1

altitude def

Answer 1

height or elevation above sea level

Question 2

humidity def

Answer 2

amount of water vapour in the air

Question 3

barometric pressure def

Answer 3

pressure exerted by earth’s atmosphere

Question 4

partial pressure def

Answer 4

pressure exerted by an individual gas held in a mixture of gases

Question 5

Altitude effect process (9)

Answer 5

.decreased partial pressure of o2 in alveolar air
.decreased diffusion gradient to the capillary blood
.decreased haemoglobin and o2 association in blood stream
.decreased o2 transportation to muscle tissue
.decreased diffusion gradient to muscle tissue
.decreased o2 supply for aerobic energy production
.increased breathing frequency and heart rate
.decreased blood volume and stroke volume
.decreased Vo2 max and aerobic capacity

Question 6

Effects on CV systems

Answer 6

.blood volume decreases (volume decreases by 25% within first few hours)
.blood concentration increases
.SV decreases (to increase CO and HR)
.max SV decreases

Question 7

Effects on respiratory system

Answer 7

.BR increases

.Max CO, HR and decrease during max intensity exercise

Question 8

Benefits of acclimatisation

Answer 8

.release of erythropoietin (EPO) increases
.BR and ventilation stabilise
SV and CO reduce as O2 extraction becomes efficient
.reduced altitude sickness, headaches, lack of sleep etc

Question 9

erythropoietin

Answer 9

hormone in kidneys

increases red blood cell production

Question 10

thermoregulation

Answer 10

maintaining core body temperature (37ºC)

Question 11

thermoreceptors

Answer 11

.sense change in body temp
.inform hypothalamus
.this activates mechanisms to in/decrease temp

Question 12

body mechanisms to warm up

Answer 12

reduce sweat production
vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels
thermogenesis (shivering)
hormonal thermogenesis (increased metabolism)

Question 13

hormonal thermogenesis

Answer 13

increased metabolism

breakdown of ATP produces kinetic energy

Question 14

cool down

Answer 14

sweat

vasodilation

Question 15

cardiovascular drift

Answer 15

.occurs in hot environments
.HR has an upward drift (increases) due to decrease of SV and blood plasma
.fatigue quickly

Question 16

dehydration effects

Answer 16

.increased mucus production
.constriction of airways
.decreased volume of air for gas exchange

Question 17

combat heat pre competition

Answer 17

acclimatise
decrease HR
cooling aids
increase blood plasma volume
increase electrolytes

Question 18

combat heat during competition

Answer 18

pacing strategies
suitable clothing
hydrate

Question 19

post competition

Answer 19

cooling aids

rehydrate