Developmental Disabilities : Info from Mosby's Canadian Textbook for the Support Worker - E-Book – Sheila A. Sorrentino, Leighann Remmert, Mary J. Wilk, Rosemary Newmaster Flashcards
A brain disorder that impairs communication, social skills, and behaviour.
autism
A disorder affecting muscle control caused by an injury or abnormality in the motor region of the brain.
cerebral palsy (CP)
Present at birth.
congenital
Violent and sudden contractions or tremors of muscle groups.
convulsion
A permanent disability that a person is born with or that begins before the age of 18 years and that limits the ability to learn.
developmental disability
The most common form among inherited developmental disorders.
fragile X syndrome
Impaired ability to learn.
intellectual disability, also known as cognitive disability
A group of physical and mental abnormalities that occur in children as a result of alcohol consumption by the mother during pregnancy.
fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD)
Brief disturbance in the brain’s normal electrical function; affects awareness, movement, and sensation.
seizure
Uncontrolled contractions of skeletal muscle and smooth muscle.
spastic
A congenital disorder involving improper closing of the spine before birth
spina bifida
A seizure involving convulsions.
tonic–clonic seizure
A group of neurological disorders characterized by recurrent episodes of convulsive seizures, sensory disturbances, abnormal behaviour, loss of consciousness, or all of the above.
epilepsy
A congenital disorder caused by an extra twenty-first chromosome and results in varying degrees of intellectual disability.
Down syndrome
Developmental disabilities can affect physical function, mental function, or both, limiting the person’s ability to function in at least three of the following life activities: name the activities
• Self-care (eating, dressing, hygiene) • Understanding and expressing speech and language • Learning • Mobility (getting around independently) • Self-direction (solving problems and making choices and decisions) • Independent living • Economic self-sufficiency (earning enough income to support oneself financially)
This is a paralysis of a single limb, usually an arm.
Monoplegia— mono means “one.”
This is when CP affects one side of the body—the right arm and leg or the left arm and leg. The other side functions normally. The client may be able to walk but might look a little awkward.
Hemiplegia — hemi means half; plegia means “complete or partial loss of ability to move.”
This is when there is a loss of ability to move corresponding parts on both sides of the body. In most cases of this condition caused by CP, both legs are affected. The client has difficulty walking, but the upper body is not affected. (In extremely rare cases, both arms are affected, but not the legs.)
Diplegia
This is when CP affects all four limbs (both arms and both legs). The client cannot walk or use the arms. Usually, the client also has difficulty with movement of the facial muscles and the trunk. Talking and eating may be difficult, and the client needs a wheelchair to get around.
Quadriplegia — quad means “four.”
The following symptoms are common to which condtion: • Developing language skills slowly, if at all • Repeating words or phrases • Not starting or maintaining conversations • Repeating body movements (hand flapping, finger
Autism
Seizures that affect only one part of the brain are called
partial seizures
Seizures that affect the whole brain are called
generalized seizures
T or F
A single seizure does not mean that the person has epilepsy.
True
T or F
Clients with epilepsy have an increased risk of death.
True : They have higher rates of suicide; sudden, unexplained death; and accidental death, especially drowning.
People with this condition may show poor judgement, difficulties with daily living skills, inability to manage anger, poor social skills, and mental health problems.
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD)
People with this condition may have an intellectual disability and may have other behavioural, learning, and emotional disorders, including poor attention span, hyperactivity, poor motor skills, and slow language development.
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD)
