Developmental Disabilities : Info from Mosby's Canadian Textbook for the Support Worker - E-Book – Sheila A. Sorrentino, Leighann Remmert, Mary J. Wilk, Rosemary Newmaster

Question 1

A brain disorder that impairs communication, social skills, and behaviour.

Answer 1

autism

Question 2

A disorder affecting muscle control caused by an injury or abnormality in the motor region of the brain.

Answer 2

cerebral palsy (CP)

Question 3

Present at birth.

Answer 3

congenital

Question 4

Violent and sudden contractions or tremors of muscle groups.

Answer 4

convulsion

Question 5

A permanent disability that a person is born with or that begins before the age of 18 years and that limits the ability to learn.

Answer 5

developmental disability

Question 6

The most common form among inherited developmental disorders.

Answer 6

fragile X syndrome

Question 7

Impaired ability to learn.

Answer 7

intellectual disability, also known as cognitive disability

Question 8

A group of physical and mental abnormalities that occur in children as a result of alcohol consumption by the mother during pregnancy.

Answer 8

fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD)

Question 9

Brief disturbance in the brain’s normal electrical function; affects awareness, movement, and sensation.

Answer 9

seizure

Question 10

Uncontrolled contractions of skeletal muscle and smooth muscle.

Answer 10

spastic

Question 11

A congenital disorder involving improper closing of the spine before birth

Answer 11

spina bifida

Question 12

A seizure involving convulsions.

Answer 12

tonic–clonic seizure

Question 13

A group of neurological disorders characterized by recurrent episodes of convulsive seizures, sensory disturbances, abnormal behaviour, loss of consciousness, or all of the above.

Answer 13

epilepsy

Question 14

A congenital disorder caused by an extra twenty-first chromosome and results in varying degrees of intellectual disability.

Answer 14

Down syndrome

Question 15

Developmental disabilities can affect physical function, mental function, or both, limiting the person’s ability to function in at least three of the following life activities: name the activities

Answer 15

• Self-care (eating, dressing, hygiene) • Understanding and expressing speech and language • Learning • Mobility (getting around independently) • Self-direction (solving problems and making choices and decisions) • Independent living • Economic self-sufficiency (earning enough income to support oneself financially)

Question 16

This is a paralysis of a single limb, usually an arm.

Answer 16

Monoplegia— mono means “one.”

Question 17

This is when CP affects one side of the body—the right arm and leg or the left arm and leg. The other side functions normally. The client may be able to walk but might look a little awkward.

Answer 17

Hemiplegia — hemi means half; plegia means “complete or partial loss of ability to move.”

Question 18

This is when there is a loss of ability to move corresponding parts on both sides of the body. In most cases of this condition caused by CP, both legs are affected. The client has difficulty walking, but the upper body is not affected. (In extremely rare cases, both arms are affected, but not the legs.)

Answer 18

Diplegia

Question 19

This is when CP affects all four limbs (both arms and both legs). The client cannot walk or use the arms. Usually, the client also has difficulty with movement of the facial muscles and the trunk. Talking and eating may be difficult, and the client needs a wheelchair to get around.

Answer 19

Quadriplegia — quad means “four.”

Question 20

The following symptoms are common to which condtion: • Developing language skills slowly, if at all • Repeating words or phrases • Not starting or maintaining conversations • Repeating body movements (hand flapping, finger

Answer 20

Autism

Question 21

Seizures that affect only one part of the brain are called

Answer 21

partial seizures

Question 22

Seizures that affect the whole brain are called

Answer 22

generalized seizures

Question 23

T or F

A single seizure does not mean that the person has epilepsy.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

T or F

Clients with epilepsy have an increased risk of death.

Answer 24

True : They have higher rates of suicide; sudden, unexplained death; and accidental death, especially drowning.

Question 25

People with this condition may show poor judgement, difficulties with daily living skills, inability to manage anger, poor social skills, and mental health problems.

Answer 25

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD)

Question 26

People with this condition may have an intellectual disability and may have other behavioural, learning, and emotional disorders, including poor attention span, hyperactivity, poor motor skills, and slow language development.

Answer 26

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD)