Body Structure and Function : Info from Mosby's Canadian Textbook for the Support Worker - E-Book – Sheila A. Sorrentino, Leighann Remmert, Mary J. Wilk, Rosemary Newmaster Flashcards
The body standing erect, with the face forward, arms at the sides, and palms of the hands facing forward.
anatomical position
Located at or toward the front of the body or body part. Also called ventral .
anterior
Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.
arteries
Joints that allow movement in all directions; they are made up of the rounded end of one bone and the hollow end of another bone. The rounded end of one fits into the hollow end of the other.
ball and socket joints
Tiny blood vessels through which nutrients, oxygen, and other substances pass to the cells.
capilliaries
Connective tissue, which cushions the joint.
cartilage
The basic functional units of body structure.
cells
Away from the surface or further into the body.
deep
The process of physically and chemically breaking down nutrients so that they can be absorbed for use by the cells.
digestion
The part farthest from the centre or from the point of attachment.
distal
The substance in red blood cells that carries oxygen and gives blood its colour.
hemoglobin
Joints that allow movement in one direction.
hinge joints
A stable internal environment in our bodies.
homeostasis
A chemical substance secreted by specialized glands and some cells into the bloodstream.
hormone
Below or toward the feet.
inferior
Relating to or located at the side of the body or body part.
lateral
Relating to or located at or near the middle or midline of the body or body part.
medial
The process in which the lining of the uterus breaks up and is discharged from the body through the vagina.
menstruation
The body’s physical and chemical processes that create and use energy. It is also associated with the breaking down of chemicals for excretion.
metabolism
An imaginary line that divides the body into right and left sides.
midline
Groups of tissues that work together to perform special functions.
organs
Organs that work together to perform special functions.
organ systems
Away from the centre of the body.
peripheral
The involuntary, wavelike contractions of smooth muscles.
peristasis
Joints that allow turning from side to side.
pivot joints
Located at or toward the back of the body or body part. Also called dorsal
posterior
The part nearest to the centre or to the point of origin.
proximal
The act of breathing air into (inhalation) and out of (exhalation) the lungs. During each respiration, the inhalation supplies the cells with oxygen, and the exhalation removes carbon dioxide from the cells.
respiration
Near the surface of the body.
superficial
A group of similar cells that perform a similar function together.
tissue
Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart.
veins
consists of the thoracic cavity , the abdominal cavity , and the pelvic cavity
ventral cavity
has two cavities—the cranial cavity and the spinal cavity .
dorsal cavity
consists of skin and its appendages—hair, nails, and sweat and oil glands.
The integumentary system
the inner layer of skin and is made up of connective tissue. Blood vessels, nerves, sweat and oil glands, and hair roots are found in this layer.
dermis
outer layer that contains living and dead cells. The cells that are dead now were once deeper in the epidermis and were pushed upward as other cells divided.
epidermis
Functions of the skin are
- It is the protective covering of the body. It prevents bacteria and other substances from entering the body, prevents excessive amounts of water from leaving the body, and protects organs from injury. 2. The nerve endings in skin sense both pleasant and unpleasant stimulations. There are nerve endings over the entire body. The body is protected because heat, cold, pain, touch, and pressure are sensed. 3. Skin helps regulate body temperature.
provides the framework for the body and allows the body to move.
musculo-skeletal system
How many bones in the human body?
206
These bones bear the weight of the body.
Long bones
These bones allow skill and ease in movement. The bones in wrists, fingers, ankles, and toes are examples.
Short Bones
These bones protect the organs. Such bones include ribs, the skull, pelvic bones, and shoulder blades.
Flat bones
These bones are the vertebrae in the spinal column. They allow various degrees of movement and flexibility and also bear some weight.
Irregular bones
contains blood vessels that supply bone cells with oxygen and nutrients.
periosteum