Common Diseases and Conditions : Info from Mosby's Canadian Textbook for the Support Worker - E-Book – Sheila A. Sorrentino, Leighann Remmert, Mary J. Wilk, Rosemary Newmaster Flashcards
Movement of a body part away from the midline of the body.
abduction
Damage to brain tissue caused by disease, medical condition, accident, or violence.
acquired brain injury
Immune system disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Movement of a body part toward the midline of the body.
adduction
A degenerative disease characterized by loss of the motor neurons, with progressive weakness and atrophy of the muscles of the hands, forearms, and legs, spreading to involve most of the body and face. Also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease .
an extremity. p. 280 amyotrophic
A localized dilation of the wall of a blood vessel.
aneurysm
Chest pain caused by ischemia, a lack of blood supply to the heart muscle that is usually caused by an obstruction or spasm of the coronary arteries because of coronary artery disease.
angina pectoris
Abnormal heart rhythm
arrhythmia
Joint inflammation
arthritis
Surgical replacement of a joint
arthroplasty
A respiratory disorder characterized by recurring episodes of paroxysmal dyspnea, which is wheezing on expiration, inspiration, or both, caused by constriction of the bronchi, coughing, and viscous mucous bronchial secretions.
asthma
Noncancerous.
benign
A group of diseases characterized by out-of-control cell division and growth, which can occur in many body systems.
cancer
An inborn metabolic disorder, which results in the inability to tolerate gluten protein.
celiac disease
Inflammation of the gallbladder.
cholecystitis
A persistent lung disorder that obstructs (blocks) the airways; refers to chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Persistent liver disease characterized by normal liver cells being replaced by scar tissue.
cirrhosis
A disease caused by microbes (disease-causing organisms) that spreads easily. Also known as contagious disease .
communicable disease
An abnormal condition that occurs when the heart cannot pump blood normally. Blood backs up and causes an abnormal amount (congestion) of fluid in the tissues.
congestive heart failure (CHF)
An abnormal condition that reflects impaired cardiac pumping.
coronary artery disease (CAD)
A persistent, inflammatory bowel disease of unknown origin, usually affecting the ileum, the colon, or another part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
Crohn’s disease
An abnormal closed sac, which may contain air, fluids, or semi-solid material.
cyst
A bladder infection.
cystitis
Inflammation of the skin caused by direct contact with an irritating or allergy-causing substance.
dermatitis
A metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia (high blood sugar levels) and resulting from low levels of insulin or a resistance to insulin’s effect at a cellular level.
diabetes
The condition of having small pouches in the colon that bulge outward.
diverticulosis
A group of neurological disorders characterized by recurrent episodes of convulsive seizures, sensory disturbances, abnormal behaviour, loss of consciousness, or all of the above.
epilepsy
A condition associated with aching, stiffness, and fatigue in muscles, ligaments, and tendons.
fibromyalgia
A skin disorder caused by the infection of a hair follicle. Also called a boil .
furuncle
A condition in which tissue dies and then decays. Gangrenous tissue may be black and have a foul smell.
gangrene
A disorder of the digestive system that causes heartburn.
gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD)
A painful disease caused by the accumulation of uric acid in the cartilage of a joint.
gout
Paralysis of one side of the body; the arm and leg, body organs, vision, the tongue, and the swallowing mechanisms on the affected side can all be compromised.
hemiplegia
Inflammation of the liver that may be caused by bacterial or viral infection, parasitic infestation, alcohol, drugs, toxins, or transfusion of incompatible (not matching) blood type.
hepatitis
An inherited neurological disorder that causes uncontrolled movements, emotional disturbances, and cognitive losses.
Huntington’s disease
Persistent blood pressure measurements above the normal systolic (140 mm Hg) or diastolic (90 mm Hg) pressures.
hypertension
A condition caused by an overactive thyroid gland.
hyperthyroidism
A condition caused by an underactive thyroid gland.
hypothyroidism
A contagious skin disorder caused by bacteria.
impetigo
A highly contagious infection of the respiratory tract by the causative (disease-causing) virus in airborne droplets.
influenza